After class questions 1-5

1. How many layers are the network communication protocols divided into? What are the problems solved by each layer?

>>OSI layer 7 protocol

 

OSI seven layer network model	function
application layer	Directly provide services for the user's application process
Presentation layer	Provides a standard format for network transmission
Session layer	It provides the establishment, maintenance and termination of sessions between two hosts in the network
Transport layer	Provide reliable service for process communication between two hosts
network layer	It provides communication services for different hosts in packet switching network, including routing, address resolution, etc
data link layer	Point to point frame transmission between two adjacent nodes
physical layer	Bitstream transmission

 >> TCP / IP four layer protocol

 

 

2. What are the differences between TCP and UPD protocols? Why is TCP a reliable connection oriented protocol?

TCP is a connection oriented, reliable and byte stream based transport layer communication protocol. Features: three handshakes

UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is a transaction oriented, stream based, simple and unreliable information transmission protocol.

	TCP	UDP
communication mode	A connection must be established before data transmission, so there is an additional time for connection establishment in TCP	The complete address information is given in each datagram, so there is no need to establish a connection between the sender and the receiver
Amount of data transmitted	Once the connection is established, the socket s of both sides can transmit a large amount of data in a unified format	There is a size limit when transmitting data. Each transmitted datagram must be within 64KB
Transmission data reliability	It is reliable and can ensure that the receiver can completely and correctly obtain all data sent by the sender	Unreliable. The datagrams sent do not necessarily arrive at the receiver in the same order, and there is no guarantee that the receiver will receive them
Respective characteristics	Large transmission capacity and strong reliability	Simple operation and high transmission efficiency

TCP connection oriented: connection oriented. Three handshakes are required to establish a connection before the server communicates with the client, and four waves are required to disconnect after the communication. Establish a connection before transmitting data

 

3. In JAVA language, what level of protocol does network programming start from? When programming, under what circumstances do you choose JAVA high-level network programming and under what circumstances do you choose low-level network programming?

Transport layer.

Low level network programming is TCP and UDP, while high-level network programming is URL based

4. Where should the destination address and port number be indicated during socket programming? Where do you point out when using datagrams?

During the binding operation in the second step, the destination address and destination port number need to be specified.

(Note: the port in Socket communication needs to be customized.)

For example:

Socket socket=new Socket("127.0.0.1",4700)

When using datagrams, you should create a new datagram packet object before sending data. You should also give the complete destination address while giving the buffer for storing the sent data

5. Use URLConnection object to write a program to return to the home page of a website and store the content of the home page in the file.

import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;

public class html {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        URL url=  new URL("https://www.qq.com/");
        URLConnection con = url.openConnection();
        BufferedReader in=  new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(con.getInputStream(), "UTF-8"));
        
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("D:\\test.txt");
        String line;
        while((line = in.readLine()) != null ) {
            line = line + "\n";
            fos.write(line.getBytes("UTF-8"));
            fos.flush();
        }
        is.close();
        fos.close();
    }
}

6. Follow example 15.4 to write a multi client / server communication program based on TCP Socket.

//client
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;

public class client3 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try{
            Socket socket=new Socket("127.0.0.1",4700);
            BufferedReader sin=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
            PrintWriter os= new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream());
            BufferedReader is=new BufferedReader((new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream())));

            String readline;
            readline=sin.readLine();
            while(!readline.equals("bye")){
                os.println(readline);
                os.flush();
                System.out.println("Client:"+readline);
                System.out.println("server:"+is.readLine());
                readline=sin.readLine();

            }
            os.close();
            is.close();
            socket.close();
        }catch(Exception e){
            System.out.println("Error:"+e);
        }

    }
}

//Server
package socket;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;

class ServerThread extends Thread {
    Socket socket=null; //Save the Socket object related to this thread
    int clientnum; //Save the customer count of this thread

    public ServerThread(Socket socket,int num) { //Constructor
        this.socket=socket; //Initialize socket variable
        clientnum=num+1; //Initializing the clientnum variable
    }


    public void run() { //Thread body
        try{
            String line;
            BufferedReader is=new BufferedReader(new
                    InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
            PrintWriter os=new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream());
            BufferedReader sin=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
            System.out.println("Client:"+ clientnum +is.readLine());
            line=sin.readLine();
            while(!line.equals("bye")){//If the string is "bye", stop the loop
                os.println(line);//Output the string to the client
                os.flush();//Refresh the output stream so that the Client receives the string immediately
                System.out.println("Server:"+line);
                System.out.println("Client:"+ clientnum +is.readLine());
                line=sin.readLine();//Reads a string from the system standard input
            }//Continue the cycle
            os.close(); //Close Socket output stream
            is.close(); //Close Socket input stream
            socket.close(); //Close Socket
        }catch(Exception e){
            System.out.println("Error:"+e);//Error, print error message
        }
    }

}


public class Multitalkserver {
    static int clientnum=0; //Static member variable, which records the number of current customers
    public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException {
        ServerSocket serverSocket=null;
        boolean listening=true;
        try{
            //Create a ServerSocket to listen to customer requests on port 4700
            serverSocket=new ServerSocket(4700);
        }catch(IOException e) {
            System.out.println("Could not listen on port:4700.");
            System.exit(-1); //sign out
        }
        while(listening){ //Loop listening
            //Listen to the customer request, create a service thread according to the obtained Socket object and customer count, and start it
            new socket.ServerThread(serverSocket.accept(),clientnum).start();
            clientnum++; //Increase customer count
        }
        serverSocket.close(); //Close ServerSocket
    }
}

7. Follow example 15.5 to write a multi client / server communication program based on UDP datagram.

//client
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class QuoteClient {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException{
   if(args.length!=1){
    //If the Server name is not given when starting, print an error message and exit
     System.out.println("Usage:java QuoteClient <hostname>");
     return;
   }
  DatagramSocket socket=new DatagramSocket();//Create datagram socket
    byte[] buf=new byte[256]; //Create buffer
    buf = "hello".getBytes();
    InetAddress address=InetAddress.getByName(args[0]);
    //Create DatagramPacket object
    DatagramPacket packet=new DatagramPacket(buf, buf.length, address, 4445);
    socket.send(packet); //send out
   //Create a new datagram packet object to receive datagrams
    packet=new DatagramPacket(buf,buf.length);
    socket.receive(packet); //receive
    //Generate the corresponding string according to the received byte array
    String received=new String(packet.getData());
    //Print the generated string
    System.out.println("Quote of the Moment:"+received ); 
    //Close socket
    socket.close();
   }
}

//Server
public class QuoteServer{
 public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException {
   new QuoteServerThread().start();//Start a QuoteServerThread thread
 }
}
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class QuoteServerThread extends Thread { 
   protected DatagramSocket socket=null;//DatagramSocket object associated with this thread
   protected BufferedReader in=null;  //A Reader used to read files
   protected boolean moreQuotes=true; //Flag variable, continue
   public QuoteServerThread() throws IOException { //Parameterless construction method
     this("QuoteServerThread");
   }
   public QuoteServerThread(String name) throws IOException {
     super(name); //Call the constructor of the parent class
     socket=new DatagramSocket(4445);//Create a datagram socket on port 4445
     in= new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));}
public void run() {//Thread body
   while(moreQuotes) {
   try{
      byte[] buf=new byte[256]; //Create buffer
      DatagramPacket packet=new DatagramPacket(buf,buf.length);
      socket.receive(packet); //Receive datagram
      System.out.println(new String(packet.getData())); 
      String dString= in.readLine(); //Terminal input string   
      //If it is bye, exit after sending a message to the client
      if(dString.equals("bye")){ moreQuotes=false;}
      buf=dString.getBytes();//Convert a String into a byte array for transfer
      InetAddress address = packet.getAddress(); //Client address
      int port=packet.getPort(); // Client port number
       //Building and sending DatagramPacket objects
       packet=new DatagramPacket(buf,buf.length,address,port);
       socket.send(packet); //Send datagram
   }catch(IOException e) { //exception handling
       e.printStackTrace(); //Print error stack
       moreQuotes=false; //Flag variable is set to false to end the loop
    }
}
 socket.close(); //Close datagram socket
}
}

8. What are the differences between C/S communication based on TCP Socket and C/S communication based on UDP datagram? What support does Java provide?

TCP protocol Socket

UDP protocol - datagram socket and datagram packet

Datagram socket: used to send or receive datagrams. It is a sending or receiving point of datagram delivery service.

Datagram packet: used to represent a datagram