Selenium Practical Course Series (2) - - Element Orientation

Keywords: Ruby Selenium Attribute

Selenium webdriver can simulate the operation of browser on the premise of location of interface elements. Location of elements can be said to be the basis of Selenium automation scripts. In this section, the author will introduce how to locate elements in selenium.

Method of locating elements

Selenium provides the following methods for locating elements:
First, look at an HTML file test_page.

<html>
    <body>
        <form class="form-test" name="register" action="success.html" method="post">
    <h3>Registered account number</h3>
    <a href="/home">Home Page</a>
    <table bgcolor="aqua">
        <tr>
            <td>Nickname?</td>
            <td><input id="input username" type="text" name="username" class="input"></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Password:</td>
            <td><input type="text" name="password"></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Confirm password:</td>
            <td><input type="text" name="confPassword"></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Gender:</td>
            <td>
                <input type="radio" name="sex" value="man" checked>male
                <input type="radio" name="sex" value="woman">female
                </td>
            </tr>
        </table>
    </form>
    </body>
 </html>

1. id

Use the id of the element to locate the username input box.

require 'selenium-webdriver'
dr = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome
dr.get "http://test.html"

# by id
dr.find_element(:id, 'input username').click

2.name

The name attribute of the element is used to locate the username input box.

require 'selenium-webdriver'
dr = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome
dr.get "http://test.html"

# by name
dr.find_element(:name, 'username').click

3. class name

The class attribute of the element is used to locate the username input box.

require 'selenium-webdriver'
dr = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome
dr.get "http://test.html"

# by name
dr.find_element(:class, 'input').click

4. link text and partial link text

The location of Home Page links is accomplished by the text attribute of the link element.

require 'selenium-webdriver'
dr = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome
dr.get "http://test.html"

# by link_text
link_text = dr.find_element(:link_text, 'Home Page').get_text
puts link_text

# by partial_link_text
link_text = dr.find_element(:partial_link_text, 'Home').get_text
puts link_text

5. tag name

Location of header elements by tag name

require 'selenium-webdriver'
dr = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome
dr.get "http://test.html"

# by tag name
header_text = dr.find_element(:tag_name, 'h3').get_text
puts header_text

6. xpath

XPath is a general method for locating elements in HTML documents. It has its own grammar rules and supports various functions. It can be said that XPath is the most comprehensive method for locating elements in HTML documents. In the process of developing Selenium automation use cases, the most I use is xpath.
Here, only a simple example is given to illustrate the positioning use of xpath. The specific use of XPath will be introduced in another topic.

require 'selenium-webdriver'
dr = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome
dr.get "http://test.html"

# by xpath
dr.find_element(:xpath, "//tr/td/input[@value='women']").click

7. css selector

css selector, like xpath, is a very powerful location method. But unlike xpath, css selector can only support backward positioning, while XPath can support forward and backward positioning.
The following example shows how to locate the same element in the xpath example with css selector.

require 'selenium-webdriver'
dr = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome
dr.get "http://test.html"

# by css selector
dr.find_element(:css, "tr>td>input[value='women']").click

Locate a set of elements

Selenium supports simultaneous positioning of a set of elements, which is very useful when dealing with multiple options or table elements.

require 'selenium-webdriver'
dr = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome
dr.get "http://test.html"

# Get number of items
num_of_tds = dr.find_elements(:tag_name, "td").count

Posted by andyhoneycutt on Mon, 21 Jan 2019 13:15:13 -0800

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