Programmer thinking learning English grammar

Chapter IV detailed explanation of adverbs

1. Definition of adverbs

2. Classification of adverbs

2.1 time adverb

2.2 place adverbs

2.3 modal adverbs

2.4 adverbs of degree

2.5 interrogative adverbs

2.6 relative adverbs

2.7 connecting adverbs

2.8 table order adverbs

2.9 frequency adverbs

Chapter IV detailed explanation of adverbs

Main purpose of this chapter: to understand the definition and classification of adverbs

1. Definition of adverbs

Adverb: a word used to express the characteristics of behavior or state in a sentence. It is used to modify verbs, adjectives, other adverbs or the whole sentence to express the concepts of time, place, degree, way, etc

/**
 * @Author: Wen-Xueliang
 * @Date: Created in 2019/5/29 22:25
 * @Description: Adverb: a word used to express the characteristics of behavior or state in a sentence. It is used to modify verbs, adjectives, other adverbs or the whole sentence to express the concepts of time, place, degree, way, etc
 */
public class Adverb extends PartOfSpeech {
    public Adverb() {
        super();
    }
    public Adverb(String text) {
        super();
        this.text = text;
    }

    @Override
    public String getAbbreviate() throws Exception {
        return "adv.";
    }
}

2. Classification of adverbs

2.1 time adverb

• Definition of time adverb

Used to provide information about when verbs occur, usually at the beginning and end of a sentence

• Classification of time adverbs

fix hour	Today	today	How are you feeling today？ How do you feel today
	Tomorrow	tomorrow	Bye, see you tomorrow
	Yesterday	yesterday	She left yesterday
	Tonight?	tonight	I'm at home tonight
Indefinite time	before	ago	He was killed a few days ago in a skiing accident
	before	before	Annie was born a few weeks before Christmas
	once	ever	I'm not sure I'll ever trust people again
	just	just	I've just bought a new house
	Now	now	She's a widow now
	Lately	recently	The bank recently opened a branch in Miami
	recently	lately	Dad's health has't been too good lately
	later	later	He resigned ten years later
	Soon	soon	You'll be hearing from us very soon
	Finally	last	When were you there last
	Last	finally	I finally beat her in that match

• Composition of time adverb

1. adverbial
2. Postpositioned attributive

She left yesterday., yesterday as adverbial modifier verb left

The weather today is wonderful

• Time adverb code

/**
 * @Author: Wen-Xueliang
 * @Date: Created in 2019/7/30 22:13
 * @Description: Adverb of time: used to provide information about when a verb occurs, usually at the beginning and end of a sentence
 */
public class TimeAdverb extends Adverb {

    //fix hour
    public static String YESTERDAY = "yesterday";
    public static String TODAY = "today";
    public static String TONIGHT = "tonight";
    public static String TOMORROW = "tomorrow";


    //Indefinite time
    public static String AGO = "ago"; //three minutes ago
    public static String BEFORE = "before";
    public static String EVER = "ever";
    public static String JUST = "just";
    public static String NOW = "now";
    public static String RECENTLY = "recently";
    public static String LATELY = "lately";
    public static String LATER = "later";
    public static String SOON = "soon";
    public static String LAST = "last";
    public static String FINALLY = "finally";
    public static String FOR = "for"; //for is often put ahead of a period of time
    public static String SINCE = "since"; //since is often put in front of a point in time
}

2.2 place adverbs

• Definition of place adverb

Adverbs for place and adverbs for positional relations

• The classification of place adverbs

Table place

here
there
home
upstairs
downstairs
anywhere
everywhere
nowhere

Table position

above
below
down
up
out
in
across

• Components of place adverbs

1. adverbial
2. Postpositioned attributive
3. Predicative
4. Prepositional object

He did his work here yesterday

Most of the people here know each other

They are downstairs

The enemy attacked us from behind

• Place adverb code

/**
 * @Author: Wen-Xueliang
 * @Date: Created in 2019/8/11 22:29
 * @Description: Adverb of place: adverb of place and adverb of position relation
 */
public class PlaceAdverb {

}

2.3 modal adverbs

• Definition of adverb of way

It indicates the way in which the action takes place and can often answer the question guided by how

• Classification of modal adverbs

Most of the adverbs for behavior end with - ly. The common adverbs are fairly, Healy, warmly, carefuly, happy, polite, angrily, etc

• The composition of the adverb of way

1. adverbial

She spoke angrily as an adverbial modifier

• Mode adverb code

/**
 * @Author: Wen-Xueliang
 * @Date: Created in 2019/8/11 23:00
 * @Description: Mode adverb: means the way in which action occurs, often answering how - guided questions
 */
public class MannerAdverb {

}

2.4 adverbs of degree

• Definition of degree adverb

An adverb that qualifies or modifies an adjective or adverb in degree

• Classification of degree adverbs

much, little, very, rather, so, too, quite,perfectly, enough, extremely, entirely, almost, slightly, fairly, alot/bit/little, far, by far, even, nearly, pretty, as, this/that(=so), fully, absolutely,barely, completely, hardly, just, only, really, scarcely

• Components of degree adverbs

1. adverbial

He works hard all day

• Degree adverb code

/**
 * @Author: Wen-Xueliang
 * @Date: Created in 2019/8/11 23:08
 * @Description: Adverb of degree: an adverb that limits or modifies the degree of an adjective or adverb
 */
public class DegreeAdverb {

    public static String A_LITTLE = "a little";
    public static String ALMOST = "almost";
    public static String COMPLETELY = "completely";
    public static String DEEPLY = "deeply";
    public static String ENOUGH = "enough";
    public static String EXTREMELY = "extremely";
    public static String FAIRLY = "fairly";
    public static String GREATLY = "greatly";
    public static String HARDLY = "hardly";

}

2.5 interrogative adverbs

• Definition of interrogative adverb

Interrogative adverbs are used to guide special interrogative sentences, indicating time, place, way, reason, etc

• Classification of interrogative adverbs

1. how
2. when
3. where
4. why

• Components of interrogative adverbs

1. adverbial

When were you born

• Question adverb code

/**
 * @Author: Wen-Xueliang
 * @Date: Created in 2019/8/11 22:43
 * @Description: Interrogative Adverbs: interrogative adverbs are used to guide special interrogative sentences, indicating time, place, way, reason, etc
 */
public class InterrogativeAdverb {
    public static String HOW = "how";
    public static String WHEN = "when";
    public static String WHERE = "where";
    public static String WHY = "why";
}

2.6 relative adverbs

• Definition of relative adverb

The relative adverb is used to lead out the attributive clause, and it is used as adverbial in the clause. when is the adverb of relation, where is the place, and why is the reason.

• Classification of relative adverbs

1. when
2. where
3. why

• Components of relative adverbs

1. adverbial

Can you tell me the time when the film will start.

• Relative adverb code

/**
 * @Author: Wen-Xueliang
 * @Date: Created in 2019/8/11 23:10
 * @Description: Relative adverb: it is used to lead out attributive clause and as adverbial in clause. when is the adverb of relation, where is the place, and why is the reason.
 */
public class RelativeAdverb {
    public static String WHEN = "when";
    public static String WHERE = "where";
    public static String WHY = "why";
}

2.7 connecting adverbs

• Definition of conjunction adverb

Conjunction adverbs are used to connect sentences or guide Nominal Clauses.

• Classification of connective adverbs

One is used to connect sentences or clauses. The common ones are there, being, other way, howerver, more over, still, thus, mean while, etc;

The other is used to guide clauses or infinitives, mainly including when, why, where, how, etc.

• The composition of the conjunction adverb

1. adverbial
2. Conjunction

I don't know where he lives

I feel a bit tired. However, I can hold on

• Connecting adverb code

/**
 * @Author: Wen-Xueliang
 * @Date: Created in 2019/8/11 23:11
 * @Description: Connecting Adverbs: connecting adverbs are used to connect sentences or guide Nominal Clauses.
 */
public class ConjunctiveAdverb {

    //Used to connect sentences or clauses
    public static String THAT = "that";
    public static String WHETHER = "whether";
    public static String IF = "if";
    public static String AS_IF = "as if";
    public static String AS_THOUGH = "as though";

    //Used to guide clauses or infinitives
    public static String WHEN = "when";
    public static String WHENEVER = "whenever";
    public static String WHERE = "where";
    public static String WHEREVER = "wherever";
    public static String HOW = "how";
    public static String HOWEVER = "however";
    public static String WHY = "why";
}

2.8 table order adverbs

• Definition of adverbs in order

Used to indicate order

• Table order adverb classification

first，then，next，finally，afterwards，primarily

• Components of adverbs in order

1. adverbial

First, take the bus. Next, take the subway. Then, take the subway), first and next as adverbials to modify the sentence

• Table order adverb code

/**
 * @Author: Wen-Xueliang
 * @Date: Created in 2019/8/11 23:20
 * @Description: Adverbs in order: used to indicate the order of precedence
 */
public class SequenceAdverb {
}

2.9 frequency adverbs

• Definition of frequency adverb

Used to provide information about the frequency of verbs

• Classification of frequency adverbs

According to the degree of frequency

1. Always - 100% (all the time, always)
2. Almost - 90% (almost)
3. frequently - 70%
4. Mostly, sometimes - 50% (as often as not, sometimes, at times)
5. Accidental - 30% (occasionlly, from time to time)
6. rarely - 10% (seldom, Harry ever, Raley)
7. Never - 0% (never)

• Composition of frequency adverb

1. Adverbial

I will always love you

• Frequency adverb code

/**
 * @Author: Wen-Xueliang
 * @Date: Created in 2019/7/30 22:13
 * @Description: Frequency adverb: used to provide information about the frequency of verbs
 */
public class FrequencyAdverb extends Adverb {

    //Always 100%
    public static String ALL_THE_TIME = "all the time";
    public static String ALWAYS = "always";

    //Almost 90%
    public static String ALMOST = "almost";

    //Often 70%
    public static String USUALLY = "usually";
    public static String GENERALLY = "generally";
    public static String OFTEN = "often";
    public static String FREQUENTLY = "frequently";
    public static String REGULARLY = "regularly";

    //Mostly, sometimes 50%
    public static String AS_OFTEN_AS_NOT = "as often as not";
    public static String SOMETIMES = "sometimes";
    public static String AT_TIMES = "at times";

    //Accidental 30%
    public static String OCCASIONALLY = "occasionally";
    public static String FROM_TIME_TO_TIME = "from time to time";

    //Rarely 10%
    public static String SELDOM = "seldom";
    public static String HARDLY_EVER = "hardly ever";
    public static String RARELY = "rarely";

    //Never 0%
    public static String NEVER = "never";
}