introduce
Development Environments Made Easy
- Official Website Title
vagrant is a command line hypervisor. It is used to simplify the construction of development environment.
vagrant is developed based on Chef using ruby language. Work with other virtual machine programs, such as vmare, virualbox, hyper-v, etc. And manage all functions of the virtual machine through CLI and VagrantFile (configuration file). vagrant uses its own image format for environment deployment, that is, box. It is similar to the image in iso or docker of virtual machine.
Choose the combination of vagrant+virualbox because they are open source and cross platform. Vagrant is simple and powerful to build a development environment.
install
Download and install from the official website. virualbox can be installed optionally
VirtualBox Extension Pack. Using the virtual machine requires the BIOS to turn on virtualization.
VirtualBox official website
Vagrant official website
BOX search
https://app.vagrantup.com/boxes/search
Several scenes
Here are several usage scenarios of vagrant. All steps have been verified under WIN11 system.
1. One line command to build a basic development environment
Start a virtual machine containing centos system under CMD command line. Where "centos/7" is the box name, and the default password of root user is vagrant. That's easy.
mkdir demo && cd demo && vagrant init centos/7 && vagrant up
2. Stand alone development environment
The goal is to build a small amount of customized stand-alone development environment. You need to use CLI commands and configuration files to do this.
Manually download BOX
The network speed is slow. You can download the box file yourself and add it to the local box library.
Download address:
https://app.vagrantup.com/centos/boxes/7/versions/2004.01/providers/virtualbox.box
Command to add box to local library
vagrant box add centos/7 CentOS-7-x86_64-Vagrant-2004_01.VirtualBox.box
**Initialization * * enter the command line, create a directory, and initialize with centos/7 box.
md demo cd demo vagrant init centos/7
After the basic configuration file is initialized, a file named Vagrantfile will be generated in the current directory. In Ruby language format.
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
config.vm.box = "centos/7" #box name
config.vm.hostname="base" #hostname in the virtual machine operating system
config.vm.network "private_network", type: "dhcp" #Use private networks to automatically assign IP addresses
#config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "172.28.128.3" #Static IP can also be configured
config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
vb.gui = false #Do not open GUI on startup
vb.memory = "4096" #Memory limit 4096MB
end
end
Common commands
vagrant up #Start the virtual machine vagrant status #View virtual machine status vagrant ssh #Linked virtual machine vagrant halt #Shut down the virtual machine vagrant destroy #Delete virtual machine vagrant reload #Restart the virtual machine to make the modified configuration effective.
3. Cluster development environment
The goal is to build a cluster environment running in the LAN, including multiple physical machines and virtual machines.
The idea is to customize the public box after it is installed. Package it into a custom box and distribute it to different physical machines for deployment.
Using vagrant's public network mode, each virtual machine is assigned a fixed IP in the LAN, and any physical machine and virtual machine in the cluster environment can communicate directly.
Initialize a centos environment
md test cd test vagrant init centos/7
Custom environment
Allow user name password link SSH
Linking virtual machines using vagrant ssh
vagrant ssh su #Switch the root user with the password vagrant vagrant vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config #Edit ssh profile
Modify configuration items, allow password login, and save.
PasswordAuthentication yes
service sshd restart #Restart ssh service
Operating system settings
#Modify time zone timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai #Turn off firewall systemctl stop firewalld systemctl disable firewalld #Turn off Linux sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config setenforce 0 #Close swap swapoff -a #Temporarily Closed sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab #Permanent shutdown free -g #Verify that swap must be 0
Set alicloud Centos image source
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo yum clean all yum makecache yum update -y
Install Docker
#rely on
yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
#source
yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
#edition
yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r
#install
yum install docker-ce-18.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos -y
#start-up
systemctl start docker
systemctl enable docker
#Set alicloud docker image source
sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://mt1tth70.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker
Custom BOX
Package the current environment. The default name is package.box. Join the local library and name it base.
Box default path of local warehouse C:\Users\Administrator.vagrant.d\box
vagrant package vagrant box add **base **package.box
configuration file
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
#Virtual machine 1
config.vm.define "node201" do |node1|
node1.vm.box = "base" #Use a custom box
node1.vm.hostname = "node201"
node1.vm.network "public_network", ip: "192.168.31.201"
end
#Virtual machine 2
config.vm.define "node202" do |node2|
node2.vm.box = "base"
node2.vm.hostname = "node202"
node2.vm.network "public_network", ip: "192.168.31.202"
end
# config.vm.define "node203" do |node3|
# node3.vm.box = "base"
# node3.vm.hostname = "node203"
# node3.vm.network "public_network", ip: "192.168.31.203"
# end
config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
vb.gui = false
vb.memory = "4096"
vb.cpus = 4
end
end
Deploy cluster environment
Copy the packaged custom box and configuration file to each physical machine to be deployed, and install the vagrant environment.
Add the box to the local library of the physical machine through vagrant box add.
Adjust the vagrant file and deploy it through vagrant init.
epilogue
Extended reading vagrant CLI, VagrantFile, plug-in, network configuration, etc. can be found on the official website.