Package Management of CentOS System: yum
- Introduction to yum
- yum client
- Warehouse Pointing Definition
- View the local yum source
- Usage of the yum command
- Command command options
- Display warehouse list
- Display package
- Installation package
- Upgrade package
- Check available upgrades
- Unloading packages
- View package information
- View which package provides the specified feature (which can be a file)
- Clean up local cache
- Build caches (generally not necessary)
- search
- View capabilities on which a specified package depends
- View yum transaction history
- Install and upgrade local packages
- Relevant commands for package management
- Command-line options for yum
- Variables available in yum's repo configuration file
- Create yum warehouse
- Package Compilation and Installation
- Source code organization format
- Acquisition of Open Source Program Source Code
- Compile C source code
- How to use CD-ROM as a local yum warehouse
Introduction to yum
YUM (Yellowdog Update Modifier) is the front-end program of rpm. It can solve the dependency of software packages, locate software packages among libraries, and is an alternative tool of up2date.
# CentOS: yum, dnf # yum repository: yum repo # Stores many rpm packages, as well as their associated metadata files (placed under a specific directory repodata) # File Server: http:// https:// ftp:// file://
yum client
yum client configuration file path:
# /etc/yum.conf # Provide common configuration for all warehouses # /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo # Provide configuration for warehouse direction
/etc/yum.conf
/ etc/yum.conf defines the working characteristics of yum. Using man yum.conf, you can see the specific meaning.
# cat /etc/yum.conf cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever keepcache=0 debuglevel=2 logfile=/var/log/yum.log exactarch=1 # Precise and rigorous platform matching obsoletes=1 gpgcheck=1 # Checking Legitimacy and Integrity plugins=1 # Support plug-in mechanism installonly_limit=5 bugtracker_url=http://bugs.centos.org/set_project.php?project_id=23&ref=http://bugs.centos.org/bug_report_page.php?category=yum distroverpkg=centos-release
Warehouse Pointing Definition
[repositoryID]
name=Some name for this repository
baseurl=url://No spaces can be left around path/to/repository/#= and multiple URL s can be created.
enabled={1|0}
gpgcheck={1|0}
gpgkey=URL # gpg key file access path
enablegroups={1|0}
failovermethod={roundrobin|priority}
# The default is: roundrobin, meaning random selection;
cost=
# Overhead value, default 1000
View the local yum source
# yum repolist Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.cn99.com * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn repo id repo name status base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base 10,019 extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras 419 updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates 2,124 repolist: 12,562
Usage of the yum command
Grammatical Format:
# yum [options] [command] [package ...]
Command command options
command is one of:
* install package1 [package2] [...]
* update [package1] [package2] [...]
* update-to [package1] [package2] [...]
* check-update
* upgrade [package1] [package2] [...]
* upgrade-to [package1] [package2] [...]
* distribution-synchronization [package1] [package2] [...]
* remove | erase package1 [package2] [...]
* list [...]
* info [...]
* provides | whatprovides feature1 [feature2] [...]
* clean [ packages | metadata | expire-cache | rpmdb | plugins | all ]
* makecache
* groupinstall group1 [group2] [...]
* groupupdate group1 [group2] [...]
* grouplist [hidden] [groupwildcard] [...]
* groupremove group1 [group2] [...]
* groupinfo group1 [...]
* search string1 [string2] [...]
* shell [filename]
* resolvedep dep1 [dep2] [...]
* localinstall rpmfile1 [rpmfile2] [...]
(maintained for legacy reasons only - use install)
* localupdate rpmfile1 [rpmfile2] [...]
(maintained for legacy reasons only - use update)
* reinstall package1 [package2] [...]
* downgrade package1 [package2] [...]
* deplist package1 [package2] [...]
* repolist [all|enabled|disabled]
* version [ all | installed | available | group-* | nogroups* | grouplist | groupinfo ]
* history [info|list|packages-list|packages-info|summary|addon-info|redo|undo|rollback|new|sync|stats]
* check
* help [command] Help
Display warehouse list
# yum repolist [all|enabled|disabled]
Display package
# list
# yum list [all | glob_exp1] [glob_exp2] [...]
# For wildcards
# yum list {available|installed|updates} [glob_exp1] [...]
# available: available
# installed: installed
# Updates: updates
Examples:
[root@LeeMumu etc]# yum list installed Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn * updates: mirror.jdcloud.com Installed Packages GeoIP.x86_64 1.5.0-13.el7 @anaconda NetworkManager.x86_64 1:1.12.0-6.el7 @anaconda ... ... [root@LeeMumu etc]# yum list "*device*" Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn * updates: mirror.jdcloud.com Installed Packages device-mapper.x86_64 7:1.02.149-8.el7 @anaconda device-mapper-event.x86_64 7:1.02.149-8.el7 @anaconda device-mapper-event-libs.x86_64 7:1.02.149-8.el7 @anaconda device-mapper-libs.x86_64 7:1.02.149-8.el7 @anaconda device-mapper-persistent-data.x86_64 0.7.3-3.el7 @anaconda Available Packages corosync-qdevice.x86_64 2.4.3-4.el7 base device-mapper.x86_64 7:1.02.149-10.el7_6.8 updates ... ... libimobiledevice-python.x86_64 1.2.0-1.el7 base libimobiledevice-utils.x86_64 1.2.0-1.el7 base [root@LeeMumu etc]# yum list available | grep "*wireshark*" Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration [root@LeeMumu etc]# yum list available | grep "wireshark*" Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration wireshark.i686 1.10.14-16.el7 base wireshark.x86_64 1.10.14-16.el7 base wireshark-devel.i686 1.10.14-16.el7 base wireshark-devel.x86_64 1.10.14-16.el7 base wireshark-gnome.x86_64 1.10.14-16.el7 base
Installation package
Grammatical Format:
# yum install package1 [package2] [...] # Yum reinstall package 1 [package 2] [...] (reinstallation)
Examples:
[root@LeeMumu ~]# yum install wireshark -y Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn * updates: mirror.jdcloud.com base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00 updates | 3.4 kB 00:00:00 Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package wireshark.x86_64 0:1.10.14-16.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: libsmi.so.2()(64bit) for package: wireshark-1.10.14-16.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libpcap.so.1()(64bit) for package: wireshark-1.10.14-16.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libcares.so.2()(64bit) for package: wireshark-1.10.14-16.el7.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package c-ares.x86_64 0:1.10.0-3.el7 will be installed ---> Package libpcap.x86_64 14:1.5.3-11.el7 will be installed ---> Package libsmi.x86_64 0:0.4.8-13.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: wget for package: libsmi-0.4.8-13.el7.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package wget.x86_64 0:1.14-18.el7_6.1 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================================================= Installing: wireshark x86_64 1.10.14-16.el7 base 13 M Installing for dependencies: c-ares x86_64 1.10.0-3.el7 base 78 k libpcap x86_64 14:1.5.3-11.el7 base 138 k libsmi x86_64 0.4.8-13.el7 base 2.3 M wget x86_64 1.14-18.el7_6.1 updates 547 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================================================= Install 1 Package (+4 Dependent packages) Total download size: 16 M Installed size: 86 M Downloading packages: (1/5): libpcap-1.5.3-11.el7.x86_64.rpm | 138 kB 00:00:00 (2/5): wget-1.14-18.el7_6.1.x86_64.rpm | 547 kB 00:00:00 (3/5): c-ares-1.10.0-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 78 kB 00:00:00 (4/5): libsmi-0.4.8-13.el7.x86_64.rpm | 2.3 MB 00:00:00 (5/5): wireshark-1.10.14-16.el7.x86_64.rpm | 13 MB 00:00:01 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 9.9 MB/s | 16 MB 00:00:01 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : 14:libpcap-1.5.3-11.el7.x86_64 1/5 Installing : c-ares-1.10.0-3.el7.x86_64 2/5 Installing : wget-1.14-18.el7_6.1.x86_64 3/5 Installing : libsmi-0.4.8-13.el7.x86_64 4/5 Installing : wireshark-1.10.14-16.el7.x86_64 5/5 Verifying : wireshark-1.10.14-16.el7.x86_64 1/5 Verifying : libsmi-0.4.8-13.el7.x86_64 2/5 Verifying : wget-1.14-18.el7_6.1.x86_64 3/5 Verifying : c-ares-1.10.0-3.el7.x86_64 4/5 Verifying : 14:libpcap-1.5.3-11.el7.x86_64 5/5 Installed: wireshark.x86_64 0:1.10.14-16.el7 Dependency Installed: c-ares.x86_64 0:1.10.0-3.el7 libpcap.x86_64 14:1.5.3-11.el7 libsmi.x86_64 0:0.4.8-13.el7 wget.x86_64 0:1.14-18.el7_6.1 Complete!
Upgrade package
Grammatical Format:
# yum update [package1] [package2] [...] # Yum downgrade package 1 [package 2] [...] (downgrade)
Check available upgrades
Grammatical Format:
# yum check-update [package]
Examples:
[root@LeeMumu ~]# yum check-update httpd Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn * updates: mirror.jdcloud.com
Unloading packages
# yum [ remove | erase ] package1 [package2] [...]
Examples:
[root@LeeMumu ~]# yum remove wireshark -y Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package wireshark.x86_64 0:1.10.14-16.el7 will be erased --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================================================= Removing: wireshark x86_64 1.10.14-16.el7 @base 67 M Transaction Summary ================================================================================================================= Remove 1 Package Installed size: 67 M Downloading packages: Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Erasing : wireshark-1.10.14-16.el7.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : wireshark-1.10.14-16.el7.x86_64 1/1 Removed: wireshark.x86_64 0:1.10.14-16.el7 Complete!
View package information
Grammatical Format:
# yum info [...]
Examples:
[root@LeeMumu ~]# yum info wireshark
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirror.bit.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
* updates: mirror.jdcloud.com
Available Packages
Name : wireshark
Arch : i686
Version : 1.10.14
Release : 16.el7
Size : 11 M
Repo : base/7/x86_64
Summary : Network traffic analyzer
URL : http://www.wireshark.org/
License : GPL+
Description : Wireshark is a network traffic analyzer for Unix-ish operating systems.
:
: This package lays base for libpcap, a packet capture and filtering
: library, contains command-line utilities, contains plugins and
: documentation for wireshark. A graphical user interface is packaged
: separately to GTK+ package.
Name : wireshark
Arch : x86_64
Version : 1.10.14
Release : 16.el7
Size : 13 M
Repo : base/7/x86_64
Summary : Network traffic analyzer
URL : http://www.wireshark.org/
License : GPL+
Description : Wireshark is a network traffic analyzer for Unix-ish operating systems.
:
: This package lays base for libpcap, a packet capture and filtering
: library, contains command-line utilities, contains plugins and
: documentation for wireshark. A graphical user interface is packaged
: separately to GTK+ package.
View which package provides the specified feature (which can be a file)
Grammatical Format:
# yum [ provides | whatprovides ] feature1 [feature2] [...]
Examples:
[root@LeeMumu ~]# which ssh /usr/bin/ssh [root@LeeMumu ~]# yum provides /usr/bin/ssh Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn * updates: mirror.jdcloud.com openssh-clients-7.4p1-16.el7.x86_64 : An open source SSH client applications Repo : base Matched from: Filename : /usr/bin/ssh openssh-clients-7.4p1-16.el7.x86_64 : An open source SSH client applications Repo : @anaconda Matched from: Filename : /usr/bin/ssh
Clean up local cache
Grammatical Format:
# yum clean [ packages | metadata | expire-cache | rpmdb | plugins | all ]
Examples:
[root@LeeMumu ~]# yum clean dbcache Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration Cleaning repos: base extras updates 12 sqlite files removed
Build caches (generally not necessary)
Grammatical Format:
# yum makecache
search
Search package names and summary information with the specified keywords.
Grammatical Format:
# yum search string1 [string2] [...]
Examples:
[root@LeeMumu ~]# yum search httpd Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn * updates: mirror.jdcloud.com (1/3): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 205 kB 00:00:00 (2/3): base/7/x86_64/primary_db | 6.0 MB 00:00:01 (3/3): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 6.5 MB 00:00:01 ============================================== N/S matched: httpd ============================ keycloak-httpd-client-install.noarch : Tools to configure Apache HTTPD as Keycloak client libmicrohttpd-devel.i686 : Development files for libmicrohttpd libmicrohttpd-devel.x86_64 : Development files for libmicrohttpd libmicrohttpd-doc.noarch : Documentation for libmicrohttpd python2-keycloak-httpd-client-install.noarch : Tools to configure Apache HTTPD as Keycloak client httpd.x86_64 : Apache HTTP Server httpd-devel.x86_64 : Development interfaces for the Apache HTTP server httpd-manual.noarch : Documentation for the Apache HTTP server httpd-tools.x86_64 : Tools for use with the Apache HTTP Server libmicrohttpd.i686 : Lightweight library for embedding a webserver in applications libmicrohttpd.x86_64 : Lightweight library for embedding a webserver in applications mod_auth_mellon.x86_64 : A SAML 2.0 authentication module for the Apache Httpd Server mod_dav_svn.x86_64 : Apache httpd module for Subversion server Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.
View capabilities on which a specified package depends
Grammatical Format:
# yum deplist package1 [package2] [...]
Examples:
[root@LeeMumu ~]# yum deplist httpd Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn * updates: mirror.jdcloud.com package: httpd.x86_64 2.4.6-89.el7.centos dependency: /bin/sh ... ...
View yum transaction history
Grammatical Format:
# yum history [info|list|packages-list|packages-info|summary|addon-info|redo|undo|rollback|new|sync|stats] # stats is used more often
Examples:
[root@LeeMumu ~]# yum history stats Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration File : //var/lib/yum/history/history-2019-06-23.sqlite Size : 561,152 Transactions: 14 Begin time : Sat Jun 22 20:09:27 2019 End time : Sat Jul 27 10:46:32 2019 Counts : NEVRAC : 456 NEVRA : 456 NA : 446 NEVR : 456 rpm DB : 456 yum DB : 456 history stats
Install and upgrade local packages
Grammatical Format:
# yum localinstall rpmfile1 [rpmfile2] [...]
(maintained for legacy reasons only - use install)
# yum localupdate rpmfile1 [rpmfile2] [...]
(maintained for legacy reasons only - use update)
Examples:
Insert code slices here
Relevant commands for package management
Grammatical Format:
# yum groupinstall group1 [group2] [...] # yum groupupdate group1 [group2] [...] # yum grouplist [hidden] [groupwildcard] [...] # yum groupremove group1 [group2] [...] # yum groupinfo group1 [...]
Command-line options for yum
# No gpg check: No gpg check #- y: Automatically answer yes #- q: silent mode # -- disablerepo=repoidglob: temporarily disable the repo specified here # -- enablerepo=repoidglob: Temporarily enable the repo specified here # -- noplugins: Disable all plug-ins
Variables available in yum's repo configuration file
# releasever: The main version number of the current OS release; # arch: Platform; # basearch: Basic Platform; # $YUM0-$YUM9 //For example: # http://mirrors.magedu.com/centos/$releasever/$basearch/os
Create yum warehouse
Grammatical Format:
# createrepo [options] <directory>
Package Compilation and Installation
After installing testapp-VERSION-release.src.rpm-->, use rpmbuild command to make RPM package in binary format, and then install it again.
Overall process:
Source code - > preprocessing - > compilation (gcc) - - > assembly - > link - > execution
Source code organization format
Multi-file: There is probably a cross-file dependency between the codes in the file.
# C,C++: make (configure --> Makefile.in --> makefile) # java: maven
Three steps of C code compilation and installation
#1, ./configure:
(1) Pass parameters through options, specify enabling features, installation paths, etc. When executed, make files are generated by referring to user's designation and Makefile.in file.
(2) Check the dependent external environment
#2, make:
According to the makefile file file, build the application program;
#3, make install
development tool
- autoconf: Generating configure scripts
- automake: Makefile.in
Recommendation: Check INSTALL, README before installation
Acquisition of Open Source Program Source Code
#1. Official self-built sites:
apache.org (ASF)
mariadb.org
...
#2. Code hosting:
SourceForge
Github.com
code.google.com
Compile C source code
# c/c++: gcc (GNU C Complier)
Compilation Prerequisites
# Providing development tools and environment
# Development tools: make, gcc, etc.
# Development environment: development libraries, header files
glibc: Standard Library
# Providing development components through "package groups"
CentOS 6: "Development Tools", "Server Platform Development",
Compilation steps
- Step 1: configure script
Options: Specify installation location and enabled features --help: Get the options it supports Options classification: Installation path setting: -- prefix=/PATH/TO/SOMEWHERE: Specify the default installation location; default is/usr/local/ sysconfdir=/PATH/TO/SOMEWHERE: Configuration file installation location System types: Optional Features: Optional Features --disable-FEATURE --enable-FEATURE[=ARG] Optional Packages: Optional Packages --with-PACKAGE[=ARG] --without-PACKAGE
- Step 2: make
- Step 3: make install
Configuration after installation
(1) Export binary program directory to PATH environment variable;
Edit the file/etc/profile.d/NAME.sh
export PATH=/PATH/TO/BIN:$PATH
(2) Export library file path
Edit/etc/ld.so.conf.d/NAME.conf
Add the directory where the new library file is located to this file;
Let the system regenerate the cache:
ldconfig [-v]
(3) Export header file
Link-based implementation:
ln -sv
(4) Export Help Manual
Edit/etc/man.config file
Add a MANPATH
How to use CD-ROM as a local yum warehouse
(1) Mount a CD to a directory, such as/media/cdrom # mount -r -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /media/cdrom (2) create profile [CentOS7] name= baseurl= gpgcheck= enabled=