Oracle 11g Single Machine Installation Manual

Keywords: Oracle Database sftp glibc

Article directory

operating system Edition
Linux Oracle Linux 64bit

1 Preparations

1.1 Delete Oracle software before installation

[root@yr app]# ll                                                                            
total 8                                                                                          
drwxrwxr-x 5 oracle oinstall 4096 Jan 18 19:54 oracle                                              
drwxrwx--- 5 oracle oinstall 4096 Jan 18 19:54 oraInventory                                          
[root@yr app]# pwd                                                                    
/u01/app                                                                          
[root@yr app]# rm -rf *                                                                      
[root@yr app]# ll                                                                            
total 0         

1.2 Create directories

Create a directory / u01/soft:

[root@yr /]#mkdir u01                                                                          
[root@yr /]#cd u01                                                                   
[root@yr /u01]#mkdir soft                                                               
[root@yr /u01]#cd soft																		 
[root@yr /u01/soft]#pwd                                                                 
/u01/soft    

1.3 Connect SFTP tabs in CRT

  • Look at the current path of the machine and use the # lpwd command
sftp> pwd                                                                                
/root                                                                                   
sftp> lpwd                                                                              
C:/Users/Administrator/Documents                                                         
sftp> cd /u01/soft                                                                      
sftp> pwd                                                                               
/u01/soft                                                                                
sftp> lls                                                                                
desktop.ini           My Music              My Pictures                                 
My Videos             QQPCMgr               Tencent Files                                      
WeChat Files
  • Put p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1 of 7.zip and p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2 of 7.zip in the C:/Users/Administrator/Documents directory:
sftp> lls                                                                                   
desktop.ini           My Music              My Pictures                                 
My Videos             p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip                                   
p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip      QQPCMgr                                             
Tencent Files         WeChat Files      
  • Check to see if the save is successful:
[root@yr /u01/soft]#ll																	            
total 2489640																				  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1395582860 Dec 19  2013 p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip             
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1151304589 Dec 19  2013 p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip                   
[root@yr /u01/soft]#pwd     															               
/u01/soft	
  • Open the sftp tab and upload the two files through the # put command:
sftp> put p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_*        										             
Uploading p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip to /u01/soft/p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip										           
 100% 1362873KB  14346KB/s 00:01:35     											         
C:/Users/Administrator/Documents/p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip: 1395582860 bytes transferred in 95 seconds (14346 KB/s)											                         
Uploading p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip to /u01/soft/p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip								                 
 100% 1124320KB  17567KB/s 00:01:04     										              
C:/Users/Administrator/Documents/p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip: 1151304589 bytes transferred in 64 seconds (17567 KB/s)													               
sftp> ls																					              
database              p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip					                
p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip		
  • Unzip the two compressed package files:
[root@yr /u01/soft]#unzip p*													                
Archive:  p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip				                               
caution: filename not matched:  p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip		                    
[root@yr /u01/soft]#																                
[root@yr /u01/soft]#unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip                              
Archive:  p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip    
[root@yr /u01/soft]#unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip  
  • Unzip successfully, view memory:
[root@yr /u01/soft]#ls																		  
database  p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip  p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip										                        
[root@yr /u01/soft]#du -sh *													                      
2.5G    database																                        
1.4G    p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip											 
1.1G    p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip

2 See information about this guide

This guide describes how to install Oracle database using default installation options.
1. Tasks described in this guide
The procedures in this guide describe how:

  • Configure the system to support Oracle database
  • Install Oracle database on local file system using typical installation options
  • Configure a general Oracle database installation that stores database files using a local file system.
    2. Successful installation results
    After successful installation of Oracle database:
  • The database you created and the default Oracle Net listener process running on the system.
  • Oracle Enterprise Manager database control runs on the system and can be accessed by Web browser.

3 Check Hardware Requirements

The system must meet the following minimum hardware requirements:

3.1 Memory Requirements

The following is the memory required to install Oracle database version 2 (11.2):
Minimum: 1GB of memory
Recommendation: 2GB or more memory

  • To determine the RAM size, enter the following commands:
    # grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
    If the RAM size is smaller than the required size, more memory must be installed before continuing.
Available RAM Required swap space
Between 1GB and 2GB 1.5 times the size of memory
Between 2GB and 16GB Equal to RAM size
More than 16 GB 16 GB
[root@yr /u01/soft]#grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo                                                   
MemTotal:        2035792 kB 
  • To determine whether the system architecture can run the software, enter the following commands:
    # uname -m
[root@yr soft]# uname –m																	   
x86_64																	                                 
  • To determine the size of the configured swap space, enter the following commands:
    # grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
[root@yr soft]# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo										                       
SwapTotal:       4095992 kB		
  • To determine the available RAM and swap space, enter the following commands:
    # free
[root@yr /u01/soft]#free –m                                                                       
             total       used         free       shared     buffers     cached               
Mem:        1988       1934         53          0         43        1627                
-/+ buffers/cache:          263         1724                                           
Swap:         3999       0          3999           

or

[root@yr /u01/soft]#cat /proc/meminfo 
  • Automatic memory management
    Starting with Oracle database 11g, automatic memory management requires more shared memory (/ dev/shm) and file descriptors. The size of shared memory should be at least MEMORY_MAX_TARGET and MEMORY_TARGET for each Oracle instance on the computer.
    To determine the amount of shared memory available, enter the following commands:
    # df -h /dev/shm/
[root@yr ~]#mount /dev/sr0 /mnt/cdrom													                 
mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only								               
[root@yr soft]# df -h /dev/shm								                   			           
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on		                                      
tmpfs                 995M     0  995M   0% /dev/shm	                                         

3.2 System Architecture

To determine whether the system architecture can run the software, enter the following commands:
# uname -m

3.3 Disk space required

Following is the disk space required to install Oracle database version 2 (11.2):

  • / At least 1GB of disk space in tmp. View / tmp directory
    The size of available disk space. / In the tmp directory, enter the following commands:
    # df -h /tmp
[root@yr /u01/soft]#df -h /tmp													                        
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on									 
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00										                            
                       35G  7.4G   26G  23% /		
  • To determine the amount of disk space available on the system, enter the following commands:
    # df –h
[root@yr soft]# df –h																	     	  
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on					                 
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00										                           
                       35G  7.5G   26G  23% /						                       
/dev/sda1              99M   23M   71M  25% /boot								                
tmpfs                 995M     0  995M   0% /dev/shm                                       
/dev/sr0              3.6G  3.6G     0 100% /media/OL5.7 x86_64 dvd 20110728                   
/dev/sr0              3.6G  3.6G     0 100% /mnt/cdrom         
  • The following table describes the disk space requirements for software and data files for each installation type on Linux x86-64:
Installation type Requirements for Software Documents (GB)
Enterprise Edition 4.35
Standard Edition 4.22
Installation type Requirements for data files (GB)
Enterprise Edition 1.7
Standard Edition 1.5

4. Check software requirements

Verify that the following software is installed on the system according to the product to be installed.

4.1 Operating System Requirements

Oracle Database 11g version 2 (11.2) requires the following or higher versions of the operating system:
Oracle Linux 5 Update 5
To determine the distribution and version of installed Linux, enter the following commands:
# cat /proc/version

[root@yr /u01/soft]#cat /proc/version															 
Linux version 2.6.32-200.13.1.el5uek (mockbuild@ca-build9.us.oracle.com) (gcc version 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-50)) #1 SMP Wed Jul 27 21:02:33 ED     

4.2 Kernel Requirements

Oracle Linux 5 Update 5
2.6.32-100.0.19 or later
To determine whether the required kernel is installed, enter the following command:
# uname -r

[root@yr /u01/soft]#uname –r											                                 
2.6.32-200.13.1.el5uek																	                

5 Create the required operating system groups and users

If you want to install Oracle database, you need the following local operating system groups and users:

  1. Oracle Inventory Group (usually oinstall)
  2. OSDBA group (usually, dba)
  3. Oracle software owner (usually oracle)
  • To determine whether these groups and users exist and create them if necessary, perform the following steps:
    To determine the existence of oinstall group, enter the following command:
    # more /etc/oraInst.loc
[root@yr /u01/soft]#more /etc/oraInst.loc										                          
/etc/oraInst.loc: No such file or directory										                    

[root@yr /u01/soft]#groupadd oinstall	 													             
[root@yr /u01/soft]#groupadd dba		
  • If there is no oracle user, this command creates oracle users and specifies oinstall as the main group dba as the second group:
    # /usr/sbin/useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
[root@yr /u01/soft]#useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle	
  • To determine that the oracle user exists and belongs to the correct group, enter the following command:
    # id oracle

  • If an oracle user exists, this command displays information about the group to which the user belongs. The output should be similar to the following, indicating that oinstall is the main group dba is the second group:
    uid=440(oracle) gid=200(oinstall) groups=201(dba)

[root@yr /u01/soft]#id oracle            										 	                  
uid=515(oracle) gid=5003(oinstall) groups=5003(oinstall),5004(dba)	
  • Enter the following commands to set up the oracle user:
    # passwd oracle
[root@yr /u01/soft]#passwd oracle												                            
Changing password for user oracle.											               
New UNIX password: 																		  
BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionary word						                             
Retype new UNIX password: 													                     
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.											  

6 Configure Kernel Parameters

Verify that the kernel parameters shown in the table below are set to values greater than or equal to the minimum shown. The process behind the table describes how to validate and set values.
If the value of any kernel parameter is different from the recommended value, complete the following steps:
1. Use any text editor to create or edit the / etc/sysctl.conf file and add or edit lines similar to the following:

[root@yr /u01/soft]#vi /etc/sysctl.conf           											               
# Kernel sysctl configuration file for Oracle Enterprise Linux                                               
#                                                                                              
# For binary values, 0 is disabled, 1 is enabled.  See sysctl(8) and                                             
# sysctl.conf(5) for more details.                                                             
# Controls IP packet forwarding                                                             
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0                                                                    
# Controls source route verification                                                           
# See /usr/share/doc/kernel-doc-*/Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt                              
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2                                                           
# Do not accept source routing                                                                       
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0                                                   
# Controls the System Request debugging functionality of the kernel                                         
kernel.sysrq = 0                                                                                         
# Controls whether core dumps will append the PID to the core filename                               
# Useful for debugging multi-threaded applications                                                         
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1                                                                         
# Controls the use of TCP syncookies        											                 
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1																              
# Controls the maximum size of a message, in bytes											          
kernel.msgmnb = 65536																                 

# Controls the default maxmimum size of a mesage queue								                 
kernel.msgmax = 65536											  					             
# Controls the maximum shared segment size, in bytes										              
kernel.shmmax = 68719476736															          
# Controls the maximum number of shared memory segments, in pages						               
kernel.shmall = 4294967296																         
kernel.shmall = 4294967296																	 
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576																	          
fs.file-max = 6815744																		             
kernel.shmall = 2097152													                             
kernel.shmmax = 536870912													                                                     
kernel.shmmni = 4096													                      
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128													                 
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500													               
net.core.rmem_default = 262144													                
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304													                   
net.core.wmem_default = 262144													                      
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576													                  
"/etc/sysctl.conf" 48L, 1388C written			

By specifying the / etc/sysctl.conf files, they persist when the system is restarted.
2. Enter the following command to change the current value of the kernel parameters:
# /sbin/sysctl -p
Check the output of this command to verify that the value is correct. If the value is incorrect, edit the / etc/sysctl.conf file and type this command again.

[root@yr /u01/soft]#/sbin/sysctl –p															       
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0																	              
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2																 
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0													 
kernel.sysrq = 0																			           
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1																	         
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1																          
kernel.msgmnb = 65536																	         
kernel.msgmax = 65536																		 
kernel.shmmax = 68719476736												                       
kernel.shmall = 4294967296																            
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576																	             
fs.file-max = 6815744																			  
kernel.shmall = 2097152																		 
kernel.shmmax = 536870912																              
kernel.shmmni = 4096																	     
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128															        
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500	                                                     
net.core.rmem_default = 262144                                                             
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304                                                              
net.core.wmem_default = 262144                                                                  
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576      

3. Enter the command / SBIN / sysctl-a. To confirm that the value is set correctly, do the following.

[root@yr soft]# /sbin/sysctl –a		

4. Updating the values of the kernel parameters, the / etc/sysctl.conf file either restarts the computer or runs commands. Sysctl-p To use files in / etc/sysctl.conf in active kernel memory.

[root@yr soft]# sysctl –p			

Check Oracle Software Installation Users'Resource Limitations
If necessary, update the / etc/security/limits.conf installation owner's configuration file. For example, add the following lines to the / etc/security/limits.conf file: (soft is the warning value, hard is the upper limit value)
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240

[root@yr ~]#vi /etc/security/limits.conf				
# Add it later
oracle         soft    nproc   2047                                                   
oracle         hard   nproc   16384                                               oracle         soft    nofile  1024                                                          
oracle         hard   nofile  65536                                                   
oracle         soft    stack   10240                                                                   

7 Create the necessary directories

Create directories with names similar to the following and specify the correct owners, groups, and permissions for them:

  • Oracle base directory
  • An optional Oracle data file directory
    If you choose not to create a separate Oracle data file directory, the Oracle base directory must have 3 GB of free disk space or 4 GB of free disk space.
    Enter a command similar to the following to create a recommended subdirectory in the identified mount point directory and set the appropriate owner, group, and permission:
# mkdir -p /mount_point/app/
# chown -R oracle:oinstall /mount_point/app/
# chmod -R 775 /mount_point/app/
[root@yr /u01]#mkdir -p /u01/soft                                                                  
[root@yr /u01]#mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11204/db_1                          
[root@yr ~]#chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01                                              
[root@yr ~]#chmod -R 775 /u01/app/        

8 Configure Oracle User Environment

Enter commands:

[root@yr ~]#xclock       

Display clocks:

[root@yr ~]#su – oracle									                                             
[oracle@yr ~]# xclock                                                                        
X connection to localhost:10.0 broken (explicit kill or server shutdown).      

If you do not install software on a local computer, run the following commands on a remote computer to set the DISPLAY variable:
$ export DISPLAY=local_host:0.0

[oracle@yr ~]# su - 								                                                 
Password:                                                                           
[root@yr ~]#xhost +                                                                      
access control disabled, clients can connect from any host                                       
[root@yr ~]#su – oracle                                                                   
[oracle@yr ~]# export DISPLAY=192.168.233.1:0.0    

If the DISPLAY variable is set correctly, then you can see xclock on your computer screen.
$ xclock

[oracle@yr ~]# xclock                                                                       


Enter commands similar to the following commands to set TMP and TMPDIR environment variables:

$ TMP=/mount_point/tmp
$ TMPDIR=/mount_point/tmp
$ export TMP TMPDIR

Enter commands similar to the following to set the ORACLE_BASE and ORACLE_SID environment variables:

$ ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
$ ORACLE_SID=sales
$ export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_SID

9 Install Oracle database

After configuring the Oracle user environment, start the Oracle General Installer and install the Oracle database as follows:
To start the Oracle Universal Installer, enter the following commands:
$ /mount_point/db/runInstaller
Under the xstart program

[oracle@yr ~]# cd /u01/soft/database							                                         
[oracle@yr database]# ls –l                                                               
total 60                                                                             
drwxr-xr-x  4 oracle oinstall  4096 Jan 19 15:17 install                                       
-rw-r--r--  1 oracle oinstall 30016 Aug 27  2013 readme.html                                    
drwxr-xr-x  2 oracle oinstall  4096 Jan 19 15:16 response                                      
drwxr-xr-x  2 oracle oinstall  4096 Jan 19 15:16 rpm                                        
-rwxr-xr-x  1 oracle oinstall  3267 Aug 27  2013 runInstaller                                   
drwxr-xr-x  2 oracle oinstall  4096 Jan 19 15:16 sshsetup                                       
drwxr-xr-x 14 oracle oinstall  4096 Jan 19 15:17 stage                                           
-rw-r--r--  1 oracle oinstall   500 Aug 27  2013 welcome.html                                   
[oracle@yr database]# ./runInstaller                                                          

Step 1: Keep your mailbox and don't want to receive mail

Step 2: Skip software updates

Step 3: install database software only install database software, not configure database

Step 4: Select the type of database installed: Select the first single database

Step 5: Product Language: eng

Step 6: Database Edition
Type: Select the default

Step 7: oracle base: Because it reads in the environment variable, it can be displayed.

The directories that will be used for future upgrades of the database, by default

Step 9: Prerequisite Checks


Then install the following files under root user with yum install


Step 11

Look at the process through detail:

[root@yr /u01/app]#tail -f /u01/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2019-01-18_01-28-25PM.log

[root@yr ~]#/u01/app/oracle/product/11204/db_1/root.sh

Finish:

10 Install database

10.1 View configuration information

  1. Use script commands to see if the required files are installed successfully:
[root@yr ~]#rpm -q --qf '%{NAME}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE} (%{ARCH})\n' \binutils elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-headers libaio libgcc libstdc++ make sysstat
binutils-2.17.50.0.6-14.el5 (x86_64)
elfutils-libelf-0.137-3.el5 (x86_64)
elfutils-libelf-0.137-3.el5 (i386)
elfutils-libelf-devel-0.137-3.el5 (i386)
elfutils-libelf-devel-0.137-3.el5 (x86_64)
gcc-4.1.2-51.el5 (x86_64)
gcc-c++-4.1.2-51.el5 (x86_64)
glibc-2.5-65 (x86_64)
glibc-2.5-65 (i686)
glibc-common-2.5-65 (x86_64)
glibc-devel-2.5-65 (x86_64)
glibc-headers-2.5-65 (x86_64)
libaio-0.3.106-5 (x86_64)
libaio-0.3.106-5 (i386)
libgcc-4.1.2-51.el5 (x86_64)
libgcc-4.1.2-51.el5 (i386)
libstdc++-4.1.2-51.el5 (x86_64)
libstdc++-4.1.2-51.el5 (i386)
make-3.81-3.el5 (x86_64)
sysstat-7.0.2-11.el5 (x86_64)
  1. Check to see if the environment variable is configured, because $ORACLE_HOME is an environment variable, so if you want to enter this directory, you can enter it directly through the following commands:

# cd $ORACLE_HOME

[oracle@yr ~]# echo $ORACLE_HOME
/u01/app/oracle/product/11204/db_1
[oracle@yr ~]# cd $ORACLE_HOME 
[oracle@yr db_1]# pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/11204/db_1
  1. To verify that Oracle software has been successfully installed, you can check it with the following commands:
    # ./sqlplus / as sysdba
[oracle@yr bin]# ./sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Jan 21 14:01:47 2019

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

The above information shows that the installation was successful and successfully entered the database. Currently sysdba is a default password.

  • For ease of use, you can set environment variables without going into the $ORACLE_HOME directory.
[oracle@yr ~]# vi .bash_profile 
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH:$HOME/bin

After configuring the environment variables, you can execute sqlplus directly without entering the $ORACLE_HOME directory:

[oracle@yr ~]# sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

Note that invoking an executable file requires. / plus an executable file name.
4. To check whether the environment variables are configured properly, the following commands can be executed under the X file:

[oracle@yr ~]# echo $ORACLE_HOME
/u01/app/oracle/product/11204/db_1
[oracle@yr ~]# echo  $PATH
/bin:/usr/kerberos/bin:/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/home/oracle/bin
[oracle@yr ~]# source .bash_profile

10.2 Installation of database

  • Start xstart, switch to Oracle user after all configurations are completed, and enter the #dbca command:
[oracle@yr ~]# dbca

Step 1: Pop-up Welcome interface

Step 2: Create a database


Step 3: Custom Installation

Step 4: Set the Database Name to orcl (unlike the SID previously set in the environment variable, it will not connect)

Step 5

Step 6

Step 7


Step 8

Step 9

Step 10:
40% of the default 2G memory
The block size of the default 8K supports the maximum process of 150.

Link mode: default

Step 11

You can see how the configuration went:

Enter the progress bar for installation:



Installation complete, exit exit exit

  • Start xstart, switch to Oracle user after all configurations are completed, and enter #netca command:

    Listener: Monitor (imagine a launch tower)






  • If you want to delete a database, use the # dbca command:

10.3 Solutions to different name settings just now

In the environment variable, change the name of ORACLE_SID to orcl, which is consistent with setting up the database.
Run the # sqlplus / as sysdba command:

[oracle@yr ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Jan 21 17:03:47 2019

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

This result shows that the connection is successful.

Posted by smeagal on Sat, 27 Apr 2019 18:20:37 -0700