1. Linux Disk Partitions
Total: 20G
| Partition name | Catalog | capacity |
| Primary partition | / | >2G |
| boot partition | /boot | 500M or so |
| Swap partition | /swap | 500~600M |
| User Partition | /home | Remaining All |
- /boot: Used to store files necessary for Linux startup, that is, the contents of the boot partition we built
- /home:Home directory for common users of the system
- /swap: When the physical memory of the system is not enough, a portion of the physical memory needs to be freed up for use by currently running programs. The freed space may come from programs that have not operated on for a long time, and the freed space is temporarily saved in swap space until those programs are running, then the saved data is restored from swap to memory.
2. Instructions
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System Management Instructions: Restart, Shutdown, View Command Log, View Help, etc.
Log out, log in, leave: logout, login, exit
Restart or shutdown:
init:
0 means shutdown; 1 means restart to single mode; 2 indicates that it starts in multiplayer mode but has no network; 3 Represents multiple people with network; 4 Keep it for the time being; Indicates that if a graphics module is installed, it starts in a graphics state; 6 indicates normal startup
View instruction history:
View help: man or info
Exit Help:
1,q
2. quit+return
3. exit+return
4,ctrl^c
5,ctrl^d
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File System Management Instructions: New File or Folder, Copy, Move, View, etc. Instructions for Files
| Windows | Linux | Functional Description |
| dir | ls | View the contents of the specified directory |
| -- | pwd | Show the current full path |
| cd | cd | Enter the specified directory |
| mkdir | mkdir | New empty directory |
| rmdir | rmdir | remove empty directories |
| -- | touch | New empty file |
| del | rm | Delete Files |
| del | rm -fr | Delete non-empty directories |
| copy | cp | Copy |
| move | mv | Move or cut |
| find | find | File Lookup |
| notepad | vi | File Editing |
| notepad | more | Look up the contents of the file |
| -- | ln | New File Link |
cp xy position --take xy Copy to specified location mv xyz xy --take xyz Renamed xy find / -name file name --Find the file with the specified file name from the root directory find / -size +500M --Find more than 500 starting from the root directory M Files ln ab bc --Hard link, ab->File, order bc->file ln -s bc xy --Soft link, bc->File, order xy->Another Storage bc Absolute path file->bc
Attachment: Linux file types
d -- Catalog Files
b -- Block device files
- - - General Files
l -- Linked Files
c -- Character file
p -- Pipeline File|grep|Pipeline
s -- Socket file
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Account Management Directive: New Directive to Modify or Delete Accounts
Create a new account:
- Add your account name string to the account profile
- Create a new subdirectory under the home directory with the same name as the account name
- Add a new mailbox account to the system
useradd Account Name --New user at the same time under the root directory home There is an additional folder in the file house with the same name as your account cd ~ --This command allows the user to quickly enter the user's corresponding " home" passwd Account Name --Change Password userdel Account Name--Delete users, there will be residues home Subdirectories and mailboxes in folders userdel -r Account Name --Remove completely alt+f1 --Switch Terminal(user) or alt+FN+f2 --Switch Terminal(user) hostname username --change localhost by username su Account Name --Switch Users exit --Back to the last logged on user
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Rights Management Directives: Directives to configure access rights
useradd -g Account name 1 Account name 2 --Newly build user2 User makes it and user1 Users in a group groupadd workspace --New Group useradd -g workspace Account Name --Newly build user User Join workspace In Group useradd -G Group 1,Group 2,Group 3 Account Name --take user Users joined groups 1, 2, 3 usermod -g worlkspace Account Name --Put Users user1 Join in workspace In Group groupdel Group name --Delete if there are no users in the group chmod u+wx,g-r,uo+r file name --Let the owner of this file have write and execute permissions, people in the same group as the owner lose read permissions, and owners and others have read permissions chmod a+x file name --Execution rights for all roles to add files chown Account name file name --Change the owner of the file to a specified user chmod 754 ccc --To grant authorization u g o 111 101 100 rwx r-x r--
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Task Management Instructions: Instructions to view and terminate processes
ps --View process kill --Kill Process
Interview Question: How can I force an exit without saving the vi editor?
1. Enter q! Force exit.
2. Kill vi processes with kill +process number.
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Disk and memory management
df --View disk space
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Network Management
Networking:
Enter the root directory: cd /
Enter sysconfig/network-scripts:cd under the ET folder / etc/sysconfig/network-scripts
Modify the ifcfg-ens33 file as follows:
Save Exit: wq
Execute in the / etc directory: ls re* Find the file at the beginning of re, find resolv.config to find the configured DNS server
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Service Management
service network restart --service network restart service Module name behavior ( start，stop，restart)--Operating on a service module service iptables stop --Close Firewall
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Software mounting
mount /dev/cdrom Folder --Mount your disc to the specified file umount /tmp --Unload Disc
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Installation Management
rpm -ivh Installation package --install wget url --Installation Package Download Address rpm -e Software Name --uninstall rpm -q Software Name--Query Software Name yum search Command Name --Find the real name of the installation package yum install Software Real Name --Download Installation rpm and yum Difference: rpm A pre-installation package is required. yum Pre-installation packages will be automatically downloaded
Shell
echo "" --single line output
Echo-e "a\nb" --Implementing the function of line breaks
Echo-e "\a" --pc whistle
Echo-e "a\bc" --Print c '\b'is a fallback