Algorithmic idea
Extend layer by layer from the starting point to the end point.
Main steps of the algorithm
1. Construct a two-dimensional array weight to store the undirected graph. weight[i][j] represents the weight from node i to node j, that is, the distance from node i to node j (hereinafter, dij).
2. Build the array shortpath, store the shortest distance from the starting node (0) to each node, that is, d0j(j is all nodes), initialize the shortpath[0] = 0, and other values are infinite.
3. Build the array visited, mark whether each node has been extended (assume 0 is extended, 1 is extended), initialize visited[0] = 1, and other values are zero.
4. The iterative algorithm traverses the two-dimensional array weight, selects the unmarked node K which is the shortest distance from the start node, records d0k to the short path, and marks K as extended,
Update the distance from the start node to other nodes through K. if d0j > d0k + DKJ, d0j = d0k + dkj.
Code implementation
public static int[] Dijsktra(int [][] weight,int start){ int length = weight.length;//Get the number of vertices int[] shortPath = new int[length];//Shortest path array shortPath[0] = 0;// String[] path = new String[length];//Record the shortest path from the starting point to each point for(int i = 0 ; i < length ; i++){ path[i] = start + "->" + i; } int[] visited = new int[length];//Record whether the shortest path of the current vertex has been found. 1 means it has been found for(int i = 0 ; i < length ; i++){ visited[i] = 0; } visited[0] = 1;//The shortest path to the starting point has been found for(int m = 1 ; m < length ; m ++){ int k = -1; int dmin = Integer.MAX_VALUE; //Select an unmarked vertex closest to the starting point, and the shortest path to the starting point is dmin for(int n = 0 ; n < length ; n++){ if(visited[n] == 0 && weight[start][n] < dmin){ dmin = weight[start][n]; k = n; } } shortPath[k] = dmin; visited[k] = 1; //with k For the middle point, update the distance from the starting point to other unmarked points for(int j = 0 ; j < length ; j++){ if(visited[j] == 0 && weight[k][j] != Integer.MAX_VALUE && weight[start][k] + weight[k][j] < weight[start][j]){ weight[start][j] = weight[start][k] + weight[k][j]; path[j] = path[k] + "->" + j; } } } for(int i = 1 ; i < length ; i ++){ System.out.println("Starting point to" + i + "The shortest path for is:" + path[i] + "The distance is:" + shortPath[i]); } return shortPath; }
Declare constant
public static final int MAX = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
Code test
public static void main(String[] args) { int[][] weigth = {{0,50,70,MAX,MAX}, {50,0,15,30,MAX}, {70,15,0,MAX,40}, {MAX,30,MAX,0,20}, {MAX,MAX,40,20,0}}; Dijsktra(weigth,0); }
Operation results
The shortest path from the starting point to 1 is: 0 - > 1 the distance is: 50
The shortest path from the starting point to 2 is: 0 - > 1 - > 2 and the distance is: 65
The shortest path from the starting point to 3 is: 0 - > 1 - > 3 the distance is: 80
The shortest path from the starting point to 4 is: 0 - > 1 - > 3 - > 4 the distance is: 100