Problem / fault / scenario / requirement
The hard disk of Eve NG's virtual machine ova is only 38G, which needs to increase the space. After vmware directly expands the hard disk, restart the system. Using fdisk-l, you can see that the hard disk has expanded, but the file system has not expanded, and you need to allocate these new space expansion to a file system. The whole extension process is recorded below
Solutions / steps
- After expanding the disk to 250G in VM and restarting the system, check the current file system
root@eve-ng:~# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev 7.9G 0 7.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.6G 19M 1.6G 2% /run
/dev/mapper/eve--ng--vg-root 38G 13G 23G 36% /
tmpfs 7.9G 0 7.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
tmpfs 7.9G 0 7.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 472M 83M 365M 19% /boot
root@eve-ng:~# fdisk -l
...Omit part of the content
Disk /dev/sda: 250 GiB, 268435456000 bytes, 524288000 sectors //You can see that there are 250G
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x3e3ca055
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 * 2048 999423 997376 487M 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1001470 83884031 82882562 39.5G 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 1001472 83884031 82882560 39.5G 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/eve--ng--vg-root: 38.6 GiB, 41406169088 bytes, 80871424 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/eve--ng--vg-swap_1: 980 MiB, 1027604480 bytes, 2007040 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
//Execute partition below
root@eve-ng:~# fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.27.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (1 primary, 1 extended, 2 free)
l logical (numbered from 5)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (3,4, default 3): 3
First sector (999424-524287999, default 999424): 83884032 //Note that this is the last block allocated before (sda5 end) plus one (83884031 + 1)
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (83884032-524287999, default 524287999): //Pay attention to see if this is the last piece
Created a new partition 3 of type 'Linux' and of size 210 GiB.
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-3,5, default 5): 3 3
Partition type (type L to list all types): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'.
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Re-reading the partition table failed.: Device or resource busy
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8).
root@eve-ng:~# reboot
root@eve-ng:~# pvcreate /dev/sda3
Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created
root@eve-ng:~# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name eve-ng-vg
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 3
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 39.52 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 10117
Alloc PE / Size 10117 / 39.52 GiB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID EvwUbc-nfsg-dHqA-znxB-U3gv-V782-Q8ZxkI
root@eve-ng:~# vgextend eve-ng-vg /dev/sda3
Volume group "eve-ng-vg" successfully extended
root@eve-ng:~# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name eve-ng-vg
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 4
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 249.52 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 63877
Alloc PE / Size 10117 / 39.52 GiB
Free PE / Size 53760 / 210.00 GiB
VG UUID EvwUbc-nfsg-dHqA-znxB-U3gv-V782-Q8ZxkI
root@eve-ng:~# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/eve-ng-vg/root
LV Name root
VG Name eve-ng-vg
LV UUID ktUpR0-VpqS-rJJv-a1FC-u6Gd-U8yN-2WYQ53
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time eve-ng, 2018-03-21 02:25:21 +0200
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 38.56 GiB
Current LE 9872
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:0
//Expand logical volumes
root@eve-ng:~# lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/eve-ng-vg/root
Size of logical volume eve-ng-vg/root changed from 38.56 GiB (9872 extents) to 248.56 GiB (63632 extents).
Logical volume root successfully resized.
root@eve-ng:~# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev 7.9G 0 7.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.6G 19M 1.6G 2% /run
/dev/mapper/eve--ng--vg-root 38G 13G 23G 36% /
tmpfs 7.9G 0 7.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
tmpfs 7.9G 0 7.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 472M 83M 365M 19% /boot
//For online expansion, to view the current file system type, you can view it through cat /etc/fstab
root@eve-ng:~# resize2fs /dev/eve-ng-vg/root
resize2fs 1.42.13 (17-May-2015)
Filesystem at /dev/eve-ng-vg/root is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 3, new_desc_blocks = 16
The filesystem on /dev/eve-ng-vg/root is now 65159168 (4k) blocks long.
root@eve-ng:~# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev 7.9G 0 7.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.6G 19M 1.6G 2% /run
/dev/mapper/eve--ng--vg-root 245G 13G 222G 6% /
tmpfs 7.9G 0 7.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
tmpfs 7.9G 0 7.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 472M 83M 365M 19% /boot
Reference resources
Online capacity expansion
Using resize2fs or XFS ﹣ growfs to expand the online capacity of the mounted directory
- resize2fs for file system ext2 ext3 ext4
- xfs? Growfs for file system xfs