File Compression and Packing
Look at this post: http://ask.apelearn.com/question/5435
1. Introduction to Compression Packaging
It is well known that the compressed files occupy less disk space, and because the size of the compressed files decreases, the speed of transmission through the network is faster, and the occupation of network bandwidth resources is reduced.
The network in the server room is different from that in the home. Generally, the network of the server is peer-to-peer. Home network only has fast download speed and slow upload speed, so the network bandwidth of server room is more expensive. Compressing files is one of the ways to save bandwidth resources.
In Linux, the suffix name of a file can be defined arbitrarily, but it is better to follow the usual format to define the suffix of a file, which is conducive to distinguishing and identifying files.
2. gzip compression tool
Note: gzip cannot compress directories, only files
- Create a d6z / directory under / tmp / and append all the files ending in. conf to 1.txt with the find command
[root@sc ~]# cd /tmp/ [root@sc tmp]# cd d6z/ [root@sc d6z]# ls #Down and forth1.txt Added content to view file size [root@sc d6z]# find /etc/ -type f -name "*conf" -exec cat {} >>1.txt \; (Repeat many times) [root@sc d6z]# du -sh 1.txt 2.2M 1.txt [root@sc d6z]# wc -l 1.txt 31986 1.txt
- For example, I use gzip to compress a 1.txt file
[root@sc d6z]# gzip 1.txt #gzip compression command [root@sc d6z]# ls 1.txt.gz #Compressed files [root@sc d6z]# du -sh 1.txt.gz 316K 1.txt.gz # Compressed file size
- Gzip-d decompresses 1.txt file
Because this file has some virtual space before compression, the size of the file after compression and decompression is different, just like a sponge.
[root@sc d6z]# gzip -d 1.txt.gz #Unzip command [root@sc d6z]# ls 1.txt [root@sc d6z]# du -sh 1.txt 1.3M 1.txt [root@sc d6z]# wc -l 1.txt 31986 1.txt
- gzip can specify the compression level, a total of 1-9 levels, the default is 6 levels, 1 level is the least rigorous compression, so the compressed files are larger, but the consumption of cpu resources is relatively small. 9 is the most rigorous compression, but it consumes more cpu resources. Generally, the compression level is default.
[root@sc d6z]# gzip -1 1.txt [root@sc d6z]# du -sh 1.txt.gz 372K 1.txt.gz [root@sc d6z]# gunzip 1.txt.gz # This is also the decompression command [root@sc d6z]# ls 1.txt [root@sc d6z]# gzip -9 1.txt [root@sc d6z]# du -sh 1.txt.gz 316K 1.txt.gz
- Use the file command to view information about gizp compressed files
- Use the zcat command to view the contents of the gizp-formatted compressed file 1.txt.gz
View the contents of the compressed package, because 1.txt.gz is a binary file, and zcat is decompressed before viewing.
[root@sc d6z]# zcat 1.txt.gz
- From the above experiments, we can know that the original file will disappear and become a compressed file after using gzip to compress the file, but the gzip plus-c option can make the original file not disappear, regenerate a compressed file, and specify the storage path of the compressed file.
[root@sc d6z]# gzip -c 1.txt >/tmp/1.txt.gz [root@sc d6z]# ls /tmp/1.txt.gz /tmp/1.txt.gz [root@sc d6z]# file !$ file /tmp/1.txt.gz /tmp/1.txt.gz: gzip compressed data, was "1.txt", from Unix, last modified: Wed Mar 27 15:50:08 2019
- Relative decompression can do the same.
[root@sc d6z]# gzip -d -c /tmp/1.txt.gz >/tmp/d6z/2.txt [root@sc d6z]# wc -l 1.txt 2.txt 31986 1.txt 31986 2.txt 63972 Total dosage [root@sc d6z]# du -sh *.txt 1.3M 1.txt 1.3M 2.txt
3. bzip2 compression tool
Note: bzip2 cannot compress directories, only files
- Compared with gzip, this bZIP tool compresses more severely, which means that it consumes more cpu resources, and the compression algorithms of these two tools are different. Minimizing installation may not have this tool, you need to install it using the yum install-y bzip2 command
[root@sc d6z]# yum install -y bzip2
- The usage of bzip2 and gzip is almost identical
[root@sc d6z]# bzip2 1.txt [root@sc d6z]# ls 1.txt.bz2 2.txt [root@sc d6z]# du -sh 1.txt.bz2 132K 1.txt.bz2 [root@sc d6z]# du -sh 2.txt 1.3M 2.txt
- Bzip2-d is the decompression command
[root@sc d6z]# bzip2 -d 1.txt.bz2 [root@sc d6z]# ls 1.txt 2.txt [root@sc d6z]# bzip2 1.txt [root@sc d6z]# bunzip2 1.txt.bz2 [root@sc d6z]# ls 1.txt 2.txt
- The - c option can be added to specify the storage path of the compressed file, or the decompression can be used to specify the storage path.
[root@sc d6z]# bzip2 -c 1.txt >/tmp/1.txt.bz2 [root@sc d6z]# du -sh /tmp/1.txt.bz2 132K /tmp/1.txt.bz2 [root@sc d6z]# bzip2 -d -c /tmp/1.txt.bz2 >3.txt [root@sc d6z]# ls 1.txt 2.txt 3.txt [root@sc d6z]# du -sh 3.txt 1.3M 3.txt
- bzip2 also has compression level. It can specify compression level, which is also 1-9 compression level. The default compression level is 9, so it is not necessary to specify compression level in general.
[root@sc d6z]# bzip2 -9 1.txt [root@sc d6z]# du -sh 1.txt.bz2 132K 1.txt.bz2
You can use file to view information about compressed files
[root@sc d6z]# file 1.txt.bz2 1.txt.bz2: bzip2 compressed data, block size = 900k
- Note: If someone does not comply with the agreement, you can also use the file command to set the end symbol blindly for the file.
[root@sc d6z]# mv 1.txt.bz2 1.txt [root@sc d6z]# ls 1.txt 2.txt 3.txt [root@sc d6z]# less 1.txt # Viewing a binary file with the common command less "1.txt" may be a binary file. See it anyway? # Input y # Out of the content will display scrambling code BZh91AY&SY<F0>(7^S^AP;<FF><E1>^?<FF>8^@^?<FF><FF> <FF><FF><FF><FF><FF><FF><FF><FF><FF>@^@@^@^P^@b:<FE>^@<FA>*B<AA><88>"T*^@^@^A^D^T^@) @^TP ($J<80>P^@Q@^AT(^BJ<A0><94>^@<80>^@^@^@*<80>^@<A0>^@^R^@^B<A4> ^A^D^@^T^E^@H<80>J% ^@^@^@^@ ^@^@P^@^@^@^A@^@^@^@^@^@^@PP^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@<A0>^@P ^@^@^@P^@^@^@(^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@ ^@P^@^@^@^@^@^@^@I@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^T^@ <A0>^@^@^@^@^A ^@^@^@^@^@^@^T^T<A1>@^@@^@^@^@^@^@^@ ^@^@EQ^Q@QBT^@^@^@ <A8><94>^@^@^@Q@^@^@^@^@^@^@^B<A8>^A*^B^QE^B<80>^@U* ^@^EQ <A5>(^@^@<A0>H"T*B<A8><80>^UQ^PE*^P^R<A2><92>^@<92><A8>Q"<88>U^B<92><88>^U^EH<95>^D<80>^@R<81> <80>RU)<AA>J<A0>^@<A0>(^B<94>^@<A4><AA>@ ^EI"<A8> <89>B<90> J<82><AA>^D<8A>PJ$H<8A><A2><A8><A8><A2>^U^@^T^@PTQ" ^RD<88>^HRR^AB<80>T^P^H^A^@R^R@<81>^B*JJ<8A>!<85>^E*<A4> D^P<82><A8> <80><92>Q^@D^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^B<80>^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^T^@^T<A0>^@^Q"R<A8>^B<80>^@^@^@^@ <90> <A8><92><8A>^T("^@^@U^@^@^@U^E^B<80>^@^@^@^@^HB<A5>EIP$<A0>R<80>^T<AA><8A>"<95>P)P^BR<85>"D<AA>(<A8>^@^@<A4>*^@^@^A ^U<A5>^P<94>R@<A2>T<A0><A8>)J<84><94>^RE@^@^@^BU*<80>^E) ^@^P<91>E^R^RJ^R<94>J@(A((PU^R(<85>1.txt [root@sc d6z]# file 1.txt # File can view the information of a binary file, showing that it is a bzip2 compressed file, which can be viewed directly with bzcat 1.txt: bzip2 compressed data, block size = 900k [root@sc d6z]# file 2.txt 2.txt: UTF-8 Unicode text [root@sc d6z]# mv 1.txt 1.txt.bz2 [root@sc d6z]# ls 1.txt.bz2 2.txt 3.txt
- The bzcat command allows you to view the contents of compressed files in bz2 format
[root@sc d6z]# bzcat 1.txt.bz2
4. xz compression tool
Note: xz can't compress directories, it can only compress files
- The xz compression tool is similar to the previous two compression tools, but it is not often used, but in common tar packages, you will often see the suffix tar.xz compression packages, so this tool is also to understand.
From the results of compression, we can see that the xz tool compresses files more severely than the first two tools, directly compresses to tens of k ilograms, and correspondingly consumes more cpu resources.
[root@sc d6z]# xz 2.txt [root@sc d6z]# ls 1.txt.bz2 2.txt.xz 3.txt [root@sc d6z]# du -sh 2.txt.xz 48K 2.txt.xz [root@sc d6z]# du -sh 3.txt 1.3M 3.txt
- The same xz tool also has a compression level, which can specify the compression level, which is also 1-9 compression level. The default compression level is 6.
[root@sc d6z]# xz -d 2.txt.xz [root@sc d6z]# ls 1.txt.bz2 2.txt 3.txt [root@sc d6z]# xz 2.txt [root@sc d6z]# unxz 2.txt [root@sc d6z]# unxz 2.txt.xz [root@sc d6z]# ls 1.txt.bz2 2.txt 3.txt
- The - c option can be added to specify the storage path of compressed files, and the storage path of compressed files can also be specified.
[root@sc d6z]# xz -c 2.txt >/tmp/2.txt.xz [root@sc d6z]# xz -d -c /tmp/2.txt.xz >./4.txt
- xzcat command to view the contents of compressed files
[root@sc d6z]# xzcat /tmp/2.txt.xz
- You can use file to view information about compressed files
[root@sc d6z]# file 2.txt.xz 2.txt.xz: cannot open (No such file or directory)
5. Summary of gzip, bzip2, xz commands
| command | Compressed file example | Sample decompressed file | Default compression level | Sample of Compressed File (Source File Retention) | Example of Unzipping Files (Source Files Not Retained) | View the contents of compressed files | The Role of Compression Tools |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gzip | gzip 1.txt | Gzip-d 1.txt.gz or gunzip 1.txt.gz | 6 | gzip -c /root/1.txt >/tmp/1.txt.gz | gzip -d -c /tmp/1.txt.gz >/root/1.txt | zcat | gzip can't compress directories, it can only compress files |
| bzip2 | bzip2 1.txt | Bzip2-d 1.txt.bz or bunzip2 1.txt.bz | 9 | bzip2 -c /root/1.txt >/tmp/1.txt.bz2 | bzip2 -d -c /tmp/1.txt.gz >/root/1.txt | bzcat | bzip2 can't compress directories, it can only compress files |
| xz | xz 1.txt | Xz-d 1.txt.xz or unxz 1.txt.xz | 6 | xz -c /root/1.txt >/tmp/1.txt.xz | xz -d -c /tmp/1.txt.gz >/root/1.txt | xzcat | xz can't compress directories, it can only compress files |
6. zip Compression Tool
Note: zip not only compresses files, but also directories
- Copy a directory
[root@sc tmp]# cp -r /tmp/aminglinux/ /tmp/d6z/ [root@sc tmp]# cd d6z/ [root@sc d6z]# ls 1.txt.bz2 2.txt 3.txt 4.txt aminglinux [root@sc d6z]# cp 4.txt aminglinux/2/ [root@sc d6z]# du -sh aminglinux/ 1.3M aminglinux/
- Zip supports compressing directories or files. CentOS 7, which minimizes installation, does not have this tool and needs to be installed using the yum install-y zip command
[root@sc d6z]# yum install -y zip
- zip file compression commands are different from gzip and bZIP 2 commands, for example, I want to compress 2.txt files
[root@sc d6z]# zip 2.txt.zip 2.txt adding: 2.txt (deflated 75%) [root@sc d6z]# ls 1.txt.bz2 2.txt.zip 4.txt 2.txt 3.txt aminglinux [root@sc d6z]# du -sh 2.txt.zip 316K 2.txt.zip
- Compressing directories with zip
zip compression tool has a feature that after compression, the original file will not be deleted. Other compression tools like gzip and bzip2 will be deleted after compression.
[root@sc d6z]# zip -r aming.zip 3.txt aminglinux/ adding: 3.txt (deflated 75%) adding: aminglinux/ (stored 0%) adding: aminglinux/2/ (stored 0%) adding: aminglinux/2/4.txt (deflated 75%) adding: aminglinux/aming2/ (stored 0%) adding: aminglinux/aming1/ (stored 0%) [root@sc d6z]# ls 1.txt.bz2 2.txt.zip 4.txt aming.zip [root@sc d6z]# du -sh aming.zip 632K aming.zip
- The unzip command can be used to decompress zip compressed files. CentOS 7, which minimizes installation, does not have this command. It needs to be installed using the yum install-y unzip command.
[root@sc d6z]# yum install -y unzip
- Because the original file has not been deleted, when decompressing, it will be asked whether to overwrite the file. Input large A means all overwritten files, input y means (single) overwritten files, input n means (single) not overwritten files.
[root@sc d6z]# unzip aming.zip Archive: aming.zip replace 3.txt? [y]es, [n]o, [A]ll, [N]one, [r]ename: A inflating: 3.txt inflating: aminglinux/2/4.txt
- Specify the storage path of the decompressed file:
[root@sc d6z]# unzip 2.txt.zip -d test/ Archive: 2.txt.zip inflating: test/2.txt
- Note: The name of the file cannot be changed when decompressing with commands
[root@sc d6z]# unzip 2.txt.zip -d test/aa.txt Archive: 2.txt.zip inflating: test/aa.txt/2.txt
- zip's compressed file content cannot be viewed by command, only the list of files in it can be viewed
[root@sc d6z]# unzip -l aming.zip Archive: aming.zip Length Date Time Name --------- ---------- ----- ---- 1280892 03-27-2019 17:10 3.txt 0 03-28-2019 10:27 aminglinux/ 0 03-28-2019 10:28 aminglinux/2/ 1280892 03-28-2019 10:28 aminglinux/2/4.txt 0 03-28-2019 10:27 aminglinux/aming2/ 0 03-28-2019 10:27 aminglinux/aming1/ --------- ------- 2561784 6 files
7. tar packaging
Before introducing the use of tar tools, let's assume a scenario where server A transmits a bunch of directories and files to server B. The total size of these directories and files is 100M, and the network bandwidth of the server is 100M. In theory, 100M network equals about 12M per second, because the network bandwidth is bit. As a unit instead of byte, so 1MByte equals 8MBit. According to the network speed, it should be able to transfer in 8 seconds theoretically. But in fact, it is not. Because there are many files and directories scattered in what A server wants to transfer, it can only transfer one by one when it cannot transfer together. Row transmission, so theoretically about 8 seconds can be completed, in fact, it may take more than a minute to complete the transmission.
If the tar tool is used to package these scattered files and directories together, they can be transmitted simultaneously. Although it may not be able to complete the transmission in 8 seconds in theory, it will certainly be much faster than the scattered transmission. This is the purpose of using the packaging tool.
- The use of tar is similar to zip, such as packaging a directory
[root@sc d6z]# tar -cvf aminglinux.tar aminglinux/ aminglinux/ aminglinux/2/ aminglinux/2/4.txt aminglinux/aming2/ aminglinux/aming1/
- Remove v from the package that still covers it
[root@sc d6z]# tar -cf aminglinux.tar aminglinux/ [root@sc d6z]# ls 1.txt.bz2 2.txt 2.txt.zip 3.txt 4.txt aminglinux aminglinux.tar aming.zip test
- tar unpacking also overwrites the original file without any hints
[root@sc d6z]# tar -xvf aminglinux.tar aminglinux/ aminglinux/2/ aminglinux/2/4.txt aminglinux/aming2/ aminglinux/aming1/
- Packing directories with files
[root@sc d6z]# tar -cvf aminglinux.tar aminglinux 3.txt 4.txt aminglinux/ aminglinux/2/ aminglinux/2/4.txt aminglinux/aming2/ aminglinux/aming1/ 3.txt 4.txt
- View the list of files in the tar package
[root@sc d6z]# tar -tf aminglinux.tar aminglinux/ aminglinux/2/ aminglinux/2/4.txt aminglinux/aming2/ aminglinux/aming1/ 3.txt 4.txt
- Add the -- exclude option to filter the specified files
[root@sc d6z]# tar -cvf aminglinux.tar aminglinux 3.txt 4.txt aminglinux/ aminglinux/2/ aminglinux/2/4.txt aminglinux/aming2/ aminglinux/aming2/2/ aminglinux/aming2/2/2.txt aminglinux/aming2/aming1/ aminglinux/aming2/aming1/2/ aminglinux/aming2/aming1/2/2.txt aminglinux/aming2/aming1/aminglinux/ aminglinux/aming2/aming1/aminglinux/2/ aminglinux/aming2/aming1/aminglinux/2/2.txt aminglinux/aming1/ aminglinux/aming1/2.txt 3.txt 4.txt [root@sc d6z]# tar -cvf aminglinux.tar --exclude aming1 aminglinux 3.txt 4.txt aminglinux/ aminglinux/2/ aminglinux/2/4.txt aminglinux/aming2/ aminglinux/aming2/2/ aminglinux/aming2/2/2.txt 3.txt 4.txt [root@sc d6z]# tar -cvf aminglinux.tar --exclude aming1 --exclude 2.txt aminglinux 3.txt 4.txt aminglinux/ aminglinux/2/ aminglinux/2/4.txt aminglinux/aming2/ aminglinux/aming2/2/ 3.txt 4.txt [root@sc d6z]# tar -cvf aminglinux.tar --exclude aming1 --exclude "*.txt" aminglinux 3.txt 4.txt aminglinux/ aminglinux/2/ aminglinux/aming2/ aminglinux/aming2/2/
8. Target packaging and compression
- tar is compressible when packaged, gzip example
[root@sc d6z]# tar -czvf aminglinux.tar.gz aminglinux 3.txt 4.txt aminglinux/ aminglinux/2/ aminglinux/2/4.txt aminglinux/aming2/ aminglinux/aming2/2/ aminglinux/aming2/2/2.txt aminglinux/aming2/aming1/ aminglinux/aming2/aming1/2/ aminglinux/aming2/aming1/2/2.txt aminglinux/aming2/aming1/aminglinux/ aminglinux/aming2/aming1/aminglinux/2/ aminglinux/aming2/aming1/aminglinux/2/2.txt aminglinux/aming1/ aminglinux/aming1/2.txt 3.txt 4.txt [root@sc d6z]# du -sh aminglinux.tar.gz 944K aminglinux.tar.gz [root@sc d6z]# du -sh aminglinux 3.txt 4.txt 1.3M aminglinux 1.3M 3.txt 1.3M 4.txt
- tar is compressible when packaged, gzip decompression example
[root@sc d6z]# tar -xzvf aminglinux.tar.gz aminglinux 3.txt 4.txt aminglinux/ aminglinux/2/ aminglinux/2/4.txt aminglinux/aming2/ aminglinux/aming2/2/ aminglinux/aming2/2/2.txt aminglinux/aming2/aming1/ aminglinux/aming2/aming1/2/ aminglinux/aming2/aming1/2/2.txt aminglinux/aming2/aming1/aminglinux/ aminglinux/aming2/aming1/aminglinux/2/ aminglinux/aming2/aming1/aminglinux/2/2.txt aminglinux/aming1/ aminglinux/aming1/2.txt 3.txt 4.txt
- tar is compressible when packaged, bzip2 example
[root@sc d6z]# tar -cjvf aminglinux.tar.bz2 aminglinux 3.txt 4.txt aminglinux/ aminglinux/2/ aminglinux/2/4.txt aminglinux/aming2/ aminglinux/aming2/2/ aminglinux/aming2/2/2.txt aminglinux/aming2/aming1/ aminglinux/aming2/aming1/2/ aminglinux/aming2/aming1/2/2.txt aminglinux/aming2/aming1/aminglinux/ aminglinux/aming2/aming1/aminglinux/2/ aminglinux/aming2/aming1/aminglinux/2/2.txt aminglinux/aming1/ aminglinux/aming1/2.txt 3.txt 4.txt [root@sc d6z]# du -sh aminglinux.tar.bz2 320K aminglinux.tar.bz2 [root@sc d6z]# du -sh aminglinux 3.txt 4.txt 1.3M aminglinux 1.3M 3.txt 1.3M 4.txt
- tar is compressible when packaged, bzip2 decompression example
[root@sc d6z]# tar -xjvf aminglinux.tar.bz2 aminglinux/ aminglinux/2/ aminglinux/2/4.txt aminglinux/aming2/ aminglinux/aming2/2/ aminglinux/aming2/2/2.txt aminglinux/aming2/aming1/ aminglinux/aming2/aming1/2/ aminglinux/aming2/aming1/2/2.txt aminglinux/aming2/aming1/aminglinux/ aminglinux/aming2/aming1/aminglinux/2/ aminglinux/aming2/aming1/aminglinux/2/2.txt aminglinux/aming1/ aminglinux/aming1/2.txt 3.txt 4.txt
- tar is compressible when packaged, xz example
[root@sc d6z]# tar -cJvf aminglinux.tar.xz aminglinux 3.txt 4.txt aminglinux/ aminglinux/2/ aminglinux/2/4.txt aminglinux/aming2/ aminglinux/aming2/2/ aminglinux/aming2/2/2.txt aminglinux/aming2/aming1/ aminglinux/aming2/aming1/2/ aminglinux/aming2/aming1/2/2.txt aminglinux/aming2/aming1/aminglinux/ aminglinux/aming2/aming1/aminglinux/2/ aminglinux/aming2/aming1/aminglinux/2/2.txt aminglinux/aming1/ aminglinux/aming1/2.txt 3.txt 4.txt [root@sc d6z]# du -sh aminglinux.tar.xz 48K aminglinux.tar.xz [root@sc d6z]# du -sh aminglinux 3.txt 4.txt 1.3M aminglinux 1.3M 3.txt 1.3M 4.txt
- tar can be compressed when packaged. xz decompression example
[root@sc d6z]# tar -xJvf aminglinux.tar.xz aminglinux/ aminglinux/2/ aminglinux/2/4.txt aminglinux/aming2/ aminglinux/aming2/2/ aminglinux/aming2/2/2.txt aminglinux/aming2/aming1/ aminglinux/aming2/aming1/2/ aminglinux/aming2/aming1/2/2.txt aminglinux/aming2/aming1/aminglinux/ aminglinux/aming2/aming1/aminglinux/2/ aminglinux/aming2/aming1/aminglinux/2/2.txt aminglinux/aming1/ aminglinux/aming1/2.txt 3.txt 4.txt
- Ta-tf View File List
[root@sc d6z]# tar -tf aminglinux.tar.gz aminglinux/ aminglinux/2/ aminglinux/2/4.txt aminglinux/aming2/ aminglinux/aming2/2/ aminglinux/aming2/2/2.txt aminglinux/aming2/aming1/ aminglinux/aming2/aming1/2/ aminglinux/aming2/aming1/2/2.txt aminglinux/aming2/aming1/aminglinux/ aminglinux/aming2/aming1/aminglinux/2/ aminglinux/aming2/aming1/aminglinux/2/2.txt aminglinux/aming1/ aminglinux/aming1/2.txt 3.txt 4.txt [root@sc d6z]# tar -tf aminglinux.tar.bz2 aminglinux/ aminglinux/2/ aminglinux/2/4.txt aminglinux/aming2/ aminglinux/aming2/2/ aminglinux/aming2/2/2.txt aminglinux/aming2/aming1/ aminglinux/aming2/aming1/2/ aminglinux/aming2/aming1/2/2.txt aminglinux/aming2/aming1/aminglinux/ aminglinux/aming2/aming1/aminglinux/2/ aminglinux/aming2/aming1/aminglinux/2/2.txt aminglinux/aming1/ aminglinux/aming1/2.txt 3.txt 4.txt [root@sc d6z]# tar -tf aminglinux.tar.xz aminglinux/ aminglinux/2/ aminglinux/2/4.txt aminglinux/aming2/ aminglinux/aming2/2/ aminglinux/aming2/2/2.txt aminglinux/aming2/aming1/ aminglinux/aming2/aming1/2/ aminglinux/aming2/aming1/2/2.txt aminglinux/aming2/aming1/aminglinux/ aminglinux/aming2/aming1/aminglinux/2/ aminglinux/aming2/aming1/aminglinux/2/2.txt aminglinux/aming1/ aminglinux/aming1/2.txt 3.txt 4.txt