The first step is to open the terminal, type the following code, and automatically open the download source text editor

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

Replace the download source, and replace all the download sources with the following sources of China University of science and technology

deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ros.exbot.net/rospackage/ros/ubuntu/ xenial main

After saving, close and exit

Step 2: set up Ubuntu sources.list
Open the terminal and enter the following command:

sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://packages.ros.org/ros/ubuntu $(lsb_release -sc) main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ros-latest.list'

The third step is to add a key, which is the key required to install ros. It's free here
Under the operation just now, enter the following command:

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://ha.pool.sks-keyservers.net:80 --recv-key 0xB01FA116

I have a problem when running and can't connect to the server. If you have the same problem, you can use it hkp://pgp.mit.edu:80 perhaps hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 Replace the command above hkp://ha.pool.sks-keyservers.net:80 It can be solved!
Step 4: update the package. It needs to be updated after changing the source

1) . input the following two commands at one time at the terminal:

sudo apt-get update

2) . after the above command is executed, enter the following command:

sudo apt-get upgrade

Note: the execution time of this step may take a little time, about five minutes, so you can do something else!

It is recommended to execute these two commands before installing all software to update expired software in time

Step 5: install aptitude, which is a powerful downloader. It can analyze various dependency problems when installing the program. It is recommended to use this. Of course, you can directly use apt get without downloading

sudo apt-get install aptitude

Step 6 install the full version of ROS kinetic
This step takes the longest time, which may take dozens of minutes or even higher. It is a normal phenomenon. It depends on everyone's network speed. Wait, don't close it, and you can change the network halfway, because the later one will be downloaded. Don't be afraid!

sudo aptitude install ros-kinetic-desktop-full

Step 7 initialize rosdep
Initialization must be carried out before using ros. Input the following commands in sequence at the terminal for initialization:

sudo rosdep init

rosdep update

Step 8 configure the environment
The terminal inputs the following two commands in sequence:

echo "source /opt/ros/kinetic/setup.bash" >> ~/.bashrc

source ~/.bashrc

Step 9 install the dependencies of the building package

The terminal inputs the command:

sudo apt-get install python-rosinstall python-rosinstall-generator python-wstool build-essential

Step 10 test the successful installation of ROS and open three terminals continuously

1) . the terminal inputs a command to open ROS

roscore

2) After waiting for the program to stop moving, enter the following command at the second terminal (note that the front terminal window cannot be closed):

rosrun turtlesim turtlesim_node

3) . a little turtle appears. On the third terminal (the front terminal window still needs to be closed), enter the following command:

rosrun turtlesim turtle_teleop_key

At this time, you can control the movement of the little turtle through the direction key in the terminal window! Note that the mouse must stop in the last terminal window, and then control the direction key of the keyboard to move!