Introduction to LAMP Architecture

LAMP is the abbreviation of Linux Apache MySQL PHP; linux is the operating system, Apache is a web service software, mysql database software, and PHP is a scripting language (currently many websites are written in PHP language, google, Baidu, Taobao, ape class forum, etc.).

LAMP is to install Apache, mysql and PHP on Linux system; we can install Apache and PHP on one machine, mysql on another machine, or three software on the same machine. But Apache and PHP need to be on the same machine because PHP exists as a module of Apache and they must be together.

The relationship between Apache and php

Apache and php are a whole. php is a module form combined with apache. Apache can not interact directly with mysql. Apache can only get data from MySQL through php module. php can get data and then give it to apache. Apache can give it to users.

Php is connected to mysql, and the operation of fetching data is called dynamic request.

How does httpd, PHP and MySQL work

Introduction to MySQL/Mariadb

MySQL is a relational database developed by mysql ab, which was acquired by sun in 2008 (1 billion knives) and oracle in 2009 (7.4 billion knives). MySQL official website https://www.mysql.com Latest version 5.7GA/8.0DMR MySQL 5.6 has changed a lot and 5.7 performance has improved a lot. Mariadb is a branch of MySQL, the official website https://mariadb.com/latest version 10.2 MariaDB is maintained mainly by SkySQL (now renamed MariaDB), which was founded by the original author of MySQL and led by most of the original staff. Mariadb 5.5 corresponds to MySQL 5.5, 10.0 corresponds to MySQL 5.6 Community Version, Enterprise Version, GA (General Available) refers to the generic version used in production environment, DMR (Development Milestone Release) development milestone release, RC (Release Candidate) release candidate version, Beta open test version, Alpha internal test version.

Installation of Mysql

Several commonly used installation packages of MySQL: rpm, source code, binary compiler-free

1. Mysql's source installation is different from apache's c make. Check the installation documentation specifically.
2. Rpm package installation can not customize the installation path;
3. Binary: Before publishing, compile on a linux server, then re-arrange the compiled files into a directory, pack and compress them and publish them. The advantage is that it doesn't take too much time to compile, decompress them directly and use them. If you want to install more accurately and perfectly, you can use the source code installation, usually use the binary installation.

Binary packages are platform-specific. Previous versions of centos7 distinguish between 32-bit and 64-bit, and centos7 directly selects 64-bit installation.

[root@linux-128 src]# uname - i // / See how many bits linux is
x86_64

Download the source package:

[root@linux-128 ~]# cd /usr/local/src // / Recommends that all packages be placed in this directory

Download address to r.aminglinux.com for the latest download

[root@linux-128 src]# wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.35-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

Initialization

1. decompression

[root@linux-128 src]# tar zxvf mysql-5.6.35-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
 

1. Rename

[root@linux-128 src]# mv mysql-5.6.35-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
[root@linux-128 ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@linux-128 mysql]# ls
bin      data  include  man         README   share      support-files
COPYING  docs  lib      mysql-test  scripts  sql-bench

1. Create a mysql user because that user is required to start mysql

[root@linux-128 mysql]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin mysql

1. Create directories to store database directories

[root@linux-128 mysql]# mkdir /data

1. Initialization

[root@linux-128 mysql]# / scripts / mysql_install_db -- user = MySQL -- datadir=/data/mysql /- user = MySQL runs as user mysql, and -- datadir=/data/mysql stores the directory of the database
ERROR: please install the following Perl modules before executing ./scripts/mysql_install_db:
Data::Dumper    //There was an error because of the lack of packages perl-Module-Install 

//You can use yum list to view missing packages
[root@linux-128 mysql]# yum list |grep perl |grep -i dumper
Repodata is over 2 weeks old. Install yum-cron? Or run: yum makecache fast
perl-Data-Dumper.x86_64                 2.145-3.el7                    base
perl-Data-Dumper-Concise.noarch         2.020-6.el7                    epel
perl-Data-Dumper-Names.noarch           0.03-17.el7                    epel
perl-XML-Dumper.noarch                  0.81-17.el7                    base

//Install the perl-Data-Dumper package
[root@linux-128 mysql]# yum install -y perl-Data-Dumper

Then execute it once.

[root@linux-128 mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql  
If you see two OK instructions that are executed correctly, or echo $? The result of 0 also indicates that the execution is correct.
[root@linux-128 mysql]# echo $?
0

Configure Mysql

Mysql's configuration file is my-default.cnf in the / usr/local/mysql/support-files/directory. It's msyql's template configuration file.

1. Copy configuration files

[root@linux-128 mysql]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp: Is it covered?"/etc/my.cnf"？ y    	//The file my.cnf already exists here, which was left by the previous system rpm installation. We can see which package it was installed in.
[root@linux-128 mysql]# rpm -qf /etc/my.cnf
mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64  

Let's just press "y" to cover it here.

1. Modify configuration files

[root@linux-128 mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]

# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
# *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It's a template which will be copied to the
# *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you
# *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL.

[mysqld]

# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
# *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It's a template which will be copied to the
# *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you
# *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL.

[mysqld]

# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M

# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin

# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.
 basedir = /usr/local/mysql      //Installation directory of mysql
 datadir = /data/mysql         //Catalogues for storing databases
port = 3306                 //port
# Ser_id =.... // mysql ID number, used as master and slave
 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock     //The suite word address that mysql service monitors is also used for communication.

# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

Startup script

1. Copy startup script

[root@linux-128 mysql]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

1. Modify the startup script

[root@linux-128 mysql]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql

1. Modify authority

[root@linux-128 mysql]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld

1. Add mysqld service to the list of system services

[root@linux-128 mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld

1. Set up boot start

[root@linux-128 mysql]# chkconfig mysqld on

1. Startup service

[root@linux-128 mysql]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/data/mysql/linux-128.err'.
. SUCCESS!

If you can't start, go to the / data/mysql / directory to see the error log, which is usually the host name. err

1. View the mysql process

[root@linux-128 mysql]# ps aux |grep mysqld
root      2808  0.0  0.0  11776  1572 pts/0    S    23:56   0:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/data/mysql --pid-file=/data/mysql/linux-128.pid
mysql     2970  1.5 23.9 973064 449420 pts/0   Sl   23:56   0:01 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/mysql/linux-128.err --pid-file=/data/mysql/linux-128.pid --socket=/tmp/my.sock --port=3306
root      2998  0.0  0.0 112676   972 pts/0    S+   23:58   0:00 grep --color=auto mysqld

1. View the port mysql listens on

[root@linux-128 mysql]# netstat -lnp |grep mysqld
tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN      2970mysqld
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     33024    2970/mysqld          /tmp/my.sock

If we don't know the startup file for mysql, we can also use the command line method to start MySQL Open mysql before closing

[root@linux-128 mysql]# service mysqld stop
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!

Execute command line

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql &